Questions and Answers
What is characterized by the absence of urine?
Which type of catheter is inserted through the abdomen for continuous drainage of urine from the bladder?
What condition involves painful urination?
What is the term for involuntary loss of urine due to a strong urge to urinate?
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What should be monitored after a patient returns from hemodialysis?
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Which of the following describes excessive urination during the night?
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What is often a symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients?
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Which condition is characterized by having blood in the urine?
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What condition is characterized by a combination of different types of urinary incontinence?
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What is a common cause of overflow incontinence?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of stage 3 chronic kidney disease?
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When evaluating a urine sample that is orange in color, which medication should be specifically inquired about?
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What should be done for a patient with renal calculi who is being monitored?
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What key aspect should be checked when caring for a patient with an AV graft or AVF?
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What is the recommended fluid intake per day to protect the kidneys?
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What is the first action to take when a patient with an NG tube starts complaining?
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Study Notes
Definitions
- Polyuria: Condition characterized by excessive urination.
- Anuria: Defined as the absence of urine production.
- Oliguria: Refers to the production of a small amount of urine.
- Dysuria: Associated with painful urination.
- Nocturia: Involves frequent urination during the night.
- Hematuria: Presence of blood in urine.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
- Females are more prone to UTIs due to having a shorter urethra compared to males.
- New onset of confusion and incontinence can signal a UTI in a patient.
Urinary Procedures
- A biopsy is performed to identify cancer type and determine treatment options.
- The nephron serves as the functional unit of the kidney.
Clean Catch Urine Collection
- Clean the area around the urinary opening before starting the process.
- Begin urination, stop briefly, then collect mid-stream urine in a cup held a few inches from the urethra.
Catheter Types
- Foley catheter: An indwelling catheter for continuous urine drainage.
- Suprapubic catheter: Accesses bladder via abdominal incision for continuous drainage.
- Nephrostomy tube: Drains urine from the kidney directly to an external bag through the skin.
Hemodialysis Care
- Following hemodialysis, patients should wait 4 to 6 hours before undergoing any additional procedures.
- Vital signs, bleeding at the fistula site, and muscle cramps must be monitored post-dialysis.
- Patients typically do not need to urinate after hemodialysis.
Fluid Retention Symptoms
- Edema and puffy eyes are indicative of fluid retention.
Electrolyte Management
- High potassium levels increase the risk of myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Types of Incontinence
- Urge incontinence: Involuntary leakage due to a strong urge to urinate.
- Stress incontinence: Involves urine loss when abdominal pressure increases (e.g., sneezing).
- Mixed incontinence: Combination of stress and urge incontinence.
- Overflow incontinence: Due to poor bladder muscle contractions or urethra obstruction (commonly in prostate hypertrophy).
- Functional incontinence: Associated with cognitive impairments and self-care deficits.
- Neurologic incontinence: Results from neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injuries.
Kidney Disease
- Characteristics of stage 3 chronic kidney disease include moderate decline in GFR, leading to potential end-stage kidney disease complications.
Urine Color and Medication
- An orange urine sample in females may indicate the use of phenazopyridine (pyridium).
Renal Calculi Management
- Patients with kidney stones should strain their urine to monitor for stone passage.
Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) Care
- Monitor AV grafts/AVF sites for clots and infections at least four times daily.
- Assess capillary refill and nail bed color for peripheral circulation.
- Palpate for a thrill and auscultate for a bruit to assess graft function.
- Postoperatively, keep the affected extremity elevated above heart level for 24 to 72 hours.
Urine Output Monitoring
- Notify the doctor if urine output is less than 30 mL per hour.
Imaging Procedures
- Prior to procedures using dyes, assess patient for allergies to shellfish or iodine.
NG Tube Patency
- If a patient with an NG tube complains, first assess the tube's patency and ensure it is not obstructed.
Daily Fluid Intake
- Encourage fluid intake of 2000 to 3000 mL per day to support kidney function.
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Description
Test your knowledge on urinary disorders with this quiz focusing on definitions, labeling, and susceptibility differences. Learn about conditions like polyuria, dysuria, and more while understanding the importance of urinary health.
