Urinary Bladder Anatomy Overview 31

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Questions and Answers

What is the length range of the male urethra?

15 – 18 cm

18 – 20 cm (correct)

25 – 30 cm

20 – 25 cm

Which artery is NOT associated with the blood supply of the bladder?

Inferior gluteal artery

Femoral artery (correct)

Uterine artery

Superior vesical artery

Which part of the male urethra is considered the widest and most dilatable?

External part

Spongy part

Membranous part

Prostatic part (correct)

Which structure is formed by the median lobe of the prostate and found near the internal urethral orifice?

Uvula vesicae Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure does the ureter descend along in the abdomen?

Medial edge of the psoas major Signup and view all the answers

What is the arterial supply for the prostatic part of the male urethra?

Inferior vesical artery Signup and view all the answers

Which component does the nerve supply of the bladder NOT include?

Vagus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ureter?

Convey urine from kidney to the urinary bladder Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the trigone of the bladder is FALSE?

It is located at the apex of the bladder. Signup and view all the answers

Where do the renal arteries arise from?

Lateral branch of abdominal aorta at the level of L1 and L2 Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the left renal vein from the right renal vein?

The left renal vein is longer and receives blood from the left gonadal and left suprarenal veins. Signup and view all the answers

During benign prostatic hypertrophy, what happens to the internal urethral orifice?

It narrows. Signup and view all the answers

What nerve supply provides sympathetic innervation to the kidneys?

Sympathetic fibers from T10-L1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features is found in the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra?

Urethral crest Signup and view all the answers

What veins correspond with the venous drainage of the bladder?

Vesical venous plexus Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism prevents urine reflux into the ureter during bladder contraction?

Oblique passage forming a flap valve Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication related to the drainage of the left renal vein?

Varicocele due to drainage from adrenals and gonads Signup and view all the answers

Which regions are responsible for the constrictions of the ureter?

Ureteropelvic junction, pelvic brim, and entering the urinary bladder Signup and view all the answers

What division does the ureter not include?

Cervical part Signup and view all the answers

What is the arterial supply for the abdominal part of the ureter?

Renal artery and abdominal aorta Signup and view all the answers

In relation to the renal pelvis, where does the ureter run in the pelvis?

On the lateral wall of the pelvis, parallel to the anterior margin of greater sciatic notch Signup and view all the answers

Which veins are involved in the venous drainage of the pelvic portion of the ureter?

Internal iliac vein and superior vesical vein Signup and view all the answers

What shape does the urinary bladder resemble when it is empty?

Tetrahedral Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is typically associated with ureteric calculi obstructing urinary flow?

Severe intermittent pain as it moves down Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature allows the bladder to function as a reservoir for urine?

Ability to distend and adapt shape Signup and view all the answers

What positional difference is noted in the urinary bladder between children and adults?

Transition from abdomino-pelvic to strictly pelvic organ Signup and view all the answers

Which feature helps prevent the reflux of urine from the urinary bladder into the ureter?

Oblique entrance of the ureter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the bladder anatomy?

Funnel Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct anatomical position of the kidneys within the body?

Retoperitoneally beside the vertebral column Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the coverings of the kidney?

Visceral peritoneum Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature of the kidney helps maintain its normal mobility?

Perinephric fat Signup and view all the answers

Which structure opens into the minor calyx at the renal papilla?

Renal pyramid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the urinary bladder?

Storage of urine Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is primarily responsible for the autonomic control of the bladder?

Pelvic splanchnic nerves Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature separates the renal pyramids within the kidney?

Renal columns Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the presence of kidney stones?

Nephrolithiasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the blood supply to the kidneys?

It is essential for waste filtration and fluid balance Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue primarily composes the outer cortex of the kidney?

Granular tissue Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Urinary Bladder

Hollow muscular organ that acts as a reservoir for urine.
Located abdominopelvic in children and pelvic in adults.
Becomes abdominopelvic when distended.
Tetrahedral in shape when empty and ovoid when distended.
Has an apex, base, three surfaces (superior, two inferolateral - anterior and posterior), three borders (two lateral), and a neck.
Trigone of the bladder:
- Equilateral triangle on the inner aspect of the bladder base.
- Uvula vesicae: median lobe of prostate near the internal urethral orifice.
- During benign prostatic hypertrophy, the internal urethral orifice narrows, resulting in frequent urination.
Blood supply:
- Superior vesical artery: branch of the internal iliac artery.
- Inferior vesical artery: branch of the internal iliac artery.
- Obturator artery.
- Inferior gluteal artery.
- In females: branch of the uterine artery.
Veins correspond to the arteries and drain into the internal iliac vein through a vesical venous plexus along the inferolateral surface of the bladder.
Nerve supply: Vesical plexus of nerves with both sympathetic and parasympathetic components.

Male Urethra

Common tubular passage for urine and semen elimination.
Extends from the internal urethral orifice at the bladder trigone apex to the external urethral orifice near the glans penis tip.
Total length: 18-20 cm.
Divided into three parts:
- Prostatic part: runs vertically through the prostate and is the widest and most dilatable.
- Membranous part.
- Spongy part.
Features of the posterior wall (floor) of the prostatic urethra:
- Urethral crest: median longitudinal mucous fold.
- Colliculus seminalis (Verumontanum): rounded elevation in the middle of the crest with three orifices:
  - Prostatic utricle in the middle.
  - Ejaculatory duct on each side.

Kidney

Located retroperitoneally in the posterior abdominal wall, by the side of the vertebral column, between T12 and L3 vertebrae.
Right kidney is lower than the left due to the liver.
Left kidney is longer, narrower, and closer to the vertebral column.

Kidney Coverings

From inside to outside:
- Fibrous capsule (true capsule).
- Perinephric fat (adipose capsule).
- Renal fascia (false, fascia of Gerota).
- Paranephric pad of fat.
- Hold the kidney in position.
- Normal renal mobility is 3cm.

Kidney Presenting Parts

Two surfaces: anterior and posterior.
Two borders: lateral and medial (hilum).
Two ends: upper and lower.

Kidney Structure

Renal substance: contains outer cortex and inner medulla.
Renal sinus: space within the kidney extending from the hilum, lined by the renal capsule.
- Contents of the renal sinus: renal vein, renal artery, and renal pelvis.

Renal Medulla

8-18 renal pyramids.
Pyramids: pale striated conical structures with their base towards the cortex and apex towards the renal sinus.
The apex opens into a minor calyx at the renal papilla.

Renal Cortex

Granular appearance.
Contains:
- Renal columns: between adjacent pyramids.

Kidney: Arterial Supply

Renal arteries (RA): right and left.
Lateral branch of the abdominal aorta at the level of L1 and L2.
The right renal artery is shorter than the left renal artery.

Kidney: Renal Vein (RV)

Located anterior to the RA.
Opens into the inferior vena cava (IVC).
The left RV is longer than the right RV:
- Left RV receives the left gonadal and left suprarenal veins before draining into the IVC.

Ureter

Retroperitoneal muscular tube, approximately 25cm long and 3mm in diameter.
Function: conveys urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
Divided into two parts:
- Abdominal part.
- Pelvic part.

Course of Ureter

Descends along the medial edge of the psoas major muscle in the abdomen.
Left ureter crosses the common iliac artery at the pelvic brim.
Runs on the lateral wall of the pelvis, parallel to the anterior margin of the greater sciatic notch.
Turns forward and medially towards the urinary bladder at the ischial spine.

Applied Anatomy

Renal and ureteric calculi: renal calculi pass from the kidney to the renal pelvis and ureter, obstructing urinary flow.
- Ureteric calculi cause severe intermittent pain as they are forced down.
- Pain passes inferoanteriorly.

Cystoscopy

Allows for examination of the bladder interior and its orifices using a cystoscope.

Arterial Supply of the Ureter

Supplied by branches from:
- Renal artery.
- Gonadal artery.
- Abdominal aorta.
- Common iliac artery.
- For the abdominal part, vessels originating medial to the ureter supply it.

Venous Drainage of the Ureter

Abdominal part:
- Renal vein.
- Gonadal vein (testicular or ovarian).
Pelvic part:
- Internal iliac vein.
- Superior vesical vein.
- Uterine and vaginal veins (in females).
- Middle rectal vein.
- Inferior vesical vein (in males).

Lymphatic Drainage of the Kidney

Lateral aortic nodes.

Nerve Supply of the Kidney

Sympathetic: T10-L1 (explains referred pain from loin to groin).
Parasympathetic: vagus.

Arterial Supply of the Prostate and Membranous Parts of the Urethra

Inferior vesical, middle rectal, and internal pudendal arteries.

Venous Drainage

Veins correspond to the arteries.

Lymphatic Drainage of the Prostate and Membranous Parts of the Urethra

Drains into external and internal iliac lymph nodes.

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Description

This quiz covers the key anatomical features of the urinary bladder, including its structure, location, and blood supply. Participants will learn about the bladder's shape, borders, and the implications of conditions such as benign prostatic hypertrophy. Test your knowledge on this essential organ of the urinary system!