Urinary and Renal Disorders Quiz

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Which cells regulate filtration in the glomerular capillaries?

Endothelial cells

Basement membrane

Filtrate cells

Podocytes (correct)

What is the function of the detrusor muscle in the bladder?

Expelling urine from the body (correct)

Regulating urine pH

Reabsorbing water from urine

Initiating urine production

What is the primary function of the nephron?

Regulate endocrine functions

Filter blood (correct)

Maintain acid-base balance

Produce urine

Which part of the kidney contains the glomeruli and tubular elements of nephrons?

Renal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the filtrate as it passes through the nephron?

Ions, water, and nutrients are reabsorbed Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the collecting duct in the nephron?

Regulate water and electrolyte balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ureters?

Bring urine to the bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the urinary bladder?

Store and expel urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of normal urine?

4.5-8.0 Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific gravity range of normal urine?

1.0005-1.035 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Bacterial pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic manifestation of acute cystitis?

Frequency and urgency Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)?

Genetic predisposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aging on renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate?

Decrease in renal blood flow and GFR Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary components of urinary tract obstruction?

Urinary stasis and likelihood of infection Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristic clinical manifestations of lower urinary tract obstruction?

Frequent daytime voiding and urgency Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glomerulonephritis is typically caused by immune-mediated tissue damage?

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis?

Hematuria and proteinuria Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of nephrotic syndrome?

Massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification for acute kidney injury based on RIFLE criteria?

Risk; Injury; Failure; Loss; End-stage disease Signup and view all the answers

What are the three categories/types of acute kidney injury?

Prerenal, Intrarenal, Postrenal Signup and view all the answers

What is the GFR threshold for kidney damage in chronic kidney disease?

GFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m$^2$ for 3 months or more Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory of intact nephron hypothesis in chronic kidney disease?

Loss of nephron mass causes surviving nephrons to sustain normal kidney function Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors that contribute to the progression of chronic kidney disease?

Glomerular hypertension, Hyperfiltration, Tubulointerstitial inflammation, Fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical manifestations of chronic kidney disease?

Affects every body system, Uremic syndrome, Toxins Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI)?

E. coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended fluid intake for clients with UTI?

3 to 4 liters per day Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of antibiotic therapy for symptomatic clients with UTI?

3 to 7 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the common first-line choice for treating UTI?

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) Signup and view all the answers

What is the screening mechanism for clients with characteristic symptoms of UTI?

Urinalysis Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary outcome considered in the assessment of the studies' quality?

Mean values and standard deviations of validated tools of QoL Signup and view all the answers

What tool was used for the assessment of study quality?

Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) Signup and view all the answers

What data were planned to be extracted but no study included this information?

Matching and method (propensity score) Signup and view all the answers

How is heterogeneity across studies assessed?

I2 metric Signup and view all the answers

What were the primary outcomes of interest in the comparison between participants with UI and controls?