39 Questions
Which type of cast suggests tubule disease or damage?
Cellular casts
What type of cast implies a longer stasis or duration of urine?
Granular casts
Which type of cast implies a long period of stasis?
Waxy casts
What are the most common components of cellular casts?
All of the above
Which type of cast is composed of Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein?
Hyaline casts
Which type of cast is associated with longer stasis and degeneration of cellular components?
Granular casts
Which type of cast is associated with a disease process in the tubules?
Cellular casts
Which type of cast is composed of precipitated protein?
Granular casts
During urinalysis, which of the following physical properties are assessed?
Colour, turbidity, odour
Which of the following is NOT a chemical component assessed during urinalysis?
Calcium
What can an alkaline urine pH potentially yield a false positive for?
Protein
What does a high urine specific gravity (USG) indicate?
High urine osmolarity
How is urine osmolarity estimated?
By using a refractometer
What does a urine specific gravity of 1020 indicate compared to a urine specific gravity of 1010?
The urine is twice as concentrated
What can cause an increase in urine turbidity?
All of the above
What can cause an increase in urine odour?
All of the above
What does an acidic urine pH make the culture of leptospirosis unlikely?
It inhibits the growth of leptospirosis bacteria
What does an alkaline urine pH do to casts in the urine?
Destroys them
Which of the following is true about urine specific gravity (USG)?
USG is dependent on the presence of glucose, protein, or myoglobin.
What does it mean if an animal has isosthenuric urine?
The nephron or kidney is not able to change the osmolarity of the urinary filtrate.
What is the expected urine specific gravity (USG) when the blood supply to the kidneys is fine but the kidneys are not working?
USG > 1.030
What is the expected urine specific gravity (USG) when an animal is not azotemic or dehydrated?
USG > 1.030
What is the expected urine specific gravity (USG) when an animal is dehydrated and the kidneys are trying to preserve water?
USG > 1.030
What is the expected urine specific gravity (USG) when an animal has compromised ADH production or action?
USG < 1.030
Which type of proteinuria will cause blood albumin concentrations to fall and nephrotic syndrome?
Glomerular proteinuria
What can cause glomerulonephritis, leading to proteinuria?
All of the above
What can cause glucose to be present in the urine?
All of the above
What can cause bilirubinuria?
Both A and B
What are the physical properties assessed during urinalysis?
Colour, turbidity, odour
What does urine specific gravity (USG) generally reflect?
Body acid base status
How is urine osmolarity estimated?
Using a refractometer
What are the types of casts that can be seen in urine and what do they indicate?
The types of casts that can be seen in urine are hyaline casts, cellular casts, granular casts, and waxy casts. Hyaline casts suggest tubule disease or damage, cellular casts indicate a disease process in the tubules, granular casts imply longer stasis and degeneration of cellular components, and waxy casts imply a long period of stasis and degeneration.
What are the characteristics of hyaline casts?
Hyaline casts are composed of protein and suggest tubule disease or damage.
What are the characteristics of cellular casts?
Cellular casts are composed of RBCs, WBCs, or epithelial cells and indicate a disease process in the tubules.
What are the characteristics of granular casts?
Granular casts can be fine or coarse and indicate longer stasis, degenerate cellular casts, precipitated protein, and degenerate epithelial cells.
What are the characteristics of waxy casts?
Waxy casts are the end product of degeneration and imply a long period of stasis.
What is the relationship between urine specific gravity (USG) and renal concentrating ability?
Urine specific gravity (USG) is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the urine, which is influenced by the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute the urine. A higher USG indicates a higher concentration of solutes in the urine, suggesting better renal concentrating ability. Conversely, a lower USG suggests poorer renal concentrating ability.
What are the three types of proteinuria and how do they differ?
The three types of proteinuria are pre-glomerular, glomerular, and tubular proteinuria. Pre-glomerular proteinuria occurs when there is a condition that results in unusually high concentrations of small protein molecules in the blood passing into the urine, but in quantities that are too high for them all to be resorbed. Glomerular proteinuria is caused by the failure of the glomerular basement membrane barrier, which can be due to inflammation, immune attack, or accumulation of substances. Tubular proteinuria occurs when damaged tubular cells are unable to resorb filtrate proteins as well as they should. Glomerular proteinuria is the only type that causes a decrease in blood albumin concentrations and can lead to nephrotic syndrome.
What are the potential causes of glomerulonephritis, leading to proteinuria?
Glomerulonephritis, which leads to proteinuria, can be caused by various diseases that result in inflammation of the glomeruli. Some common causes include infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications. Additionally, conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and other forms of kidney disease can also contribute to the development of glomerulonephritis and proteinuria.
Test your knowledge on urinalysis and learn about the various physical and chemical properties assessed during the process. From color and odor to protein and glucose levels, this quiz will cover it all. Explore the microscopic examination of sediment and the significance of different elements like erythrocytes and bacteria. Dive into the world of urinalysis and discover how physical properties can indicate underlying health conditions.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
