Urinary system ANATOMY

The parts of the urinary system are

Funtion of the kidney

What do the kidneys remove from the blood

Where are the kidneys located

The kidneys are __________ to abdominal cavity; between ______ and ________ abdominal muscles

In most domestic animals the right kidney is ________ cranial than the left

_______ layer of _____________ fat usually surrounds the kidneys to protect them from pressure exerted by the surrounding organs

The kidneys maintain homeostasis through

The kidneys can maintain homeostasis in the body through filtration, reabsorption and secretion ONLY

The kidneys can maintain homeostasis in the body through filtration, reabsorption and secretion, as well as fluid and acid base balance regulation, and production of hormones

The kidneys can maintain homeostasis in the body through filtration, reabsorption and secretion, as well as fluid and acid base balance regulation, and production of enzyme renin

The kidney has a __________________________

The hilus is the ________

What enters and leaves the kidneys through the hilus of the kidneys

Funnel-shaped area inside the hilus

Lined with transitional epithelium

Forms the beginning of the ureter

Outer portion of the kidney

The inner portion that is around the renal pelvis

Cuplike extension of the renal pelvis

Act as a funnel to direct fluid to the renal pelvis

Basic functional unit of kidneys

the number of nephrons per kidney varies, how many for cat and how many for medium dog

Each nephron consists of a

Located in the renal cortex

Filters blood in the first stage of urine production

Composed of glumerulus surrounded by bowmans capsule

"Tuft" of capillaries

Fluid filtered out of blood is called

Continuation of capsular space of Bowman's capsule

Twisting path through the cortex

Glomerular filtrate is called tubular filtrate after going through the proximal convoluted tubule

Glomerular filtrate is called tubular filtrate after going through the distal convoluted tubule

Descends from PCT into medulla, turns heads upward into cortex

________ loop of henle has epithelial cells similar to those of PCT

_________ loop wall becomes thicker again

Continuation of ascending loop of henle

DCT from all nephrons in the kidney ________________________

Carry tubular filtrate through the medulla

Carry tubular filtrate through medulla and empty into renal pelvis

Primary site of action of ADH and regulation of potassium and acid-base balance

The renal ______ is a branch off the _______ aorta

The renal artery enters the kidney at the ______

The renal artery divides into

_______________ carry blood into the glomerular capillaries of the _________________

_________________ filter some of the plasma out of blood and put it in the _______________ of bowman's capsule

____________ Receive blood from glomerular capillaries

___________ glomerular arterioles divide to form the peritubular capillaries

Efferent glomerular arterioles divide to form the ____________

Efferent glomerular arterioles divide into a network of capillaries that form to surround the rest of the nephron.

Oxygen transfer to the cells of the nephron takes place in the ____________

Tubular reabsorption and secretion takes place in the

Peritubular capillaries converge to form ______ then ________ and finally the ___________

The renal vein ________ the kidney at the hilus and joins the ___________

Glomerular capillaries contain many _____________ in capillary ______________

The glomerular capillaries contain fenestrations large enough to allow blood cells or large proteins to pass through

The glomerular capillaries fenestrations are not large enough to allow blood cells or large proteins to pass through

The female urethra is __________________ than the _________________ male urethra

In the female the urethra opens on the ____________ of the _________ of the vulva

In the male, the urethra runs ____________ of the penis and also functions in the ____________

Uremia

Azotemia

High blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries allows some plasma out of the capillaries and into the capsular space of Bowmans capsule

High blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries forces some plasma out of the capillaries and into the capsular space of Bowmans capsule

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) refers to

Substances to be reabsorbed pass ___ of the __________ through or between _____________

After the substances to be reabsorbed pass out of the tubular lumen through or between tubular epithelial cells they __________________

Nerve supply to the kidney is primarily from the ____________ portion of the autonomic nervous system

Nerve supply to the kidneys controls the blood flow through the glomerular capillaries, therefore it is essential for the kidney to function

Nerve supply to the kidneys controls the blood flow through the glomerular capillaries, however, it is not essential for the kidney to function

Ureters leave the kidney at the hilus

Ureters enter the kidney at the hilus

Layers of the ureters

____________ allows ureters to stretch as urine passes through them on its way to the urinary bladder

___________ propels urine through the ureter by peristaltic contractions

The ureters enter the urinary bladder at _____________-

When the bladder is full, it collapses the opening of the ureter, preventing urine from backing up into the ureter

When the bladder is full, it collapses the opening of the ureter, allowing urine to back up into the ureter

The urinary bladder is lined with ________ that stretches as the bladder is filled with urine

The wall of the urinary bladder contains ____________

Neck of the bladder extends ________ from the ____ into the _________ and joins the urethra

Expulsion of urine from the urinary bladder into the urethra

Urine accumulates until pressure of the filling bladder activates stretch receptors in the bladder wall

__________ returns a motor impulse to bladder muscles causing them to ________

_______ gives the sensation of having to urinate

__________ of the muscular sphincter around the neck of the bladder results in ____________

The urethra is a continuation of the _________ of the urinary bladder

Continuation of the neck of the urinary bladder

Carries urine from the urinary bladder to the external environment

The urethra is lined with ________ that allows it to expand