Urinary system ANATOMY

The parts of the urinary system are

Two kidneys, two ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Funtion of the kidney

Both A and B

What do the kidneys remove from the blood

Urea, salts, water and other soluble waste products

Where are the kidneys located

Dorsal abdominal area, ventral to and on either side of the first few lumbar vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

The kidneys are to abdominal cavity; between and abdominal muscles

retroperitonial, peritoneum, dorsal Signup and view all the answers

In most domestic animals the right kidney is ________ cranial than the left

More Signup and view all the answers

_ layer of _______ fat usually surrounds the kidneys to protect them from pressure exerted by the surrounding organs

Thick, perirenal Signup and view all the answers

The kidneys maintain homeostasis through

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

The kidneys can maintain homeostasis in the body through filtration, reabsorption and secretion ONLY

False Signup and view all the answers

The kidneys can maintain homeostasis in the body through filtration, reabsorption and secretion, as well as fluid and acid base balance regulation, and production of hormones

True Signup and view all the answers

The kidneys can maintain homeostasis in the body through filtration, reabsorption and secretion, as well as fluid and acid base balance regulation, and production of enzyme renin

False Signup and view all the answers

The kidney has a __________________________

Fibrous connective tissue capsule Signup and view all the answers

The hilus is the ________

Indented area on the medial side of the kidney Signup and view all the answers

What enters and leaves the kidneys through the hilus of the kidneys

Ureters, nerves, lymph and blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Funnel-shaped area inside the hilus

Renal pelvis Signup and view all the answers

Lined with transitional epithelium

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Forms the beginning of the ureter

Renal pelvis Signup and view all the answers

Outer portion of the kidney

Renal cortex Signup and view all the answers

The inner portion that is around the renal pelvis

Renal medulla Signup and view all the answers

Cuplike extension of the renal pelvis

Calyx Signup and view all the answers

Act as a funnel to direct fluid to the renal pelvis

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Basic functional unit of kidneys

Nephron Signup and view all the answers

the number of nephrons per kidney varies, how many for cat and how many for medium dog

200,000 cat, 700,000 med dog Signup and view all the answers

Each nephron consists of a

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Located in the renal cortex

Renal corpuscle Signup and view all the answers

Filters blood in the first stage of urine production

Renal corpuscle Signup and view all the answers

Composed of glumerulus surrounded by bowmans capsule

Renal corpuscle Signup and view all the answers

"Tuft" of capillaries

Glumerulus Signup and view all the answers

Fluid filtered out of blood is called

Glomerular filtrate Signup and view all the answers

Continuation of capsular space of Bowman's capsule

Proximal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

Twisting path through the cortex

Proximal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

Glomerular filtrate is called tubular filtrate after going through the proximal convoluted tubule

True Signup and view all the answers

Glomerular filtrate is called tubular filtrate after going through the distal convoluted tubule

False Signup and view all the answers

Descends from PCT into medulla, turns heads upward into cortex

Proximal convoluted tube Signup and view all the answers

________ loop of henle has epithelial cells similar to those of PCT

Descending Signup and view all the answers

_________ loop wall becomes thicker again

Ascending Signup and view all the answers

Continuation of ascending loop of henle

Distal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

DCT from all nephrons in the kidney ________________________

Empty into collecting ducts Signup and view all the answers

Carry tubular filtrate through the medulla

Distal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

Carry tubular filtrate through medulla and empty into renal pelvis

Distal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

Primary site of action of ADH and regulation of potassium and acid-base balance

Distal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

The renal is a branch off the _ aorta

artery, abdominal Signup and view all the answers

The renal artery enters the kidney at the ______

Hilus Signup and view all the answers

The renal artery divides into

Both A and C Signup and view all the answers

_ carry blood into the glomerular capillaries of the ___

Afferent glomerular arterioles, renal corpuscle Signup and view all the answers

___ filter some of the plasma out of blood and put it in the _ of bowman's capsule

Glomerular capillaries, capsular space Signup and view all the answers

____________ Receive blood from glomerular capillaries

Efferent glomerular arterioles Signup and view all the answers

___________ glomerular arterioles divide to form the peritubular capillaries

Efferent Signup and view all the answers

Efferent glomerular arterioles divide to form the ____________

Peritubular capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Efferent glomerular arterioles divide into a network of capillaries that form to surround the rest of the nephron.

True Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen transfer to the cells of the nephron takes place in the ____________

Peritubular capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Tubular reabsorption and secretion takes place in the

Peritubular capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Peritubular capillaries converge to form then and finally the _____

Venules, larger veins, renal vein Signup and view all the answers

The renal vein the kidney at the hilus and joins the ___

leaves, caudal vena cava Signup and view all the answers

Glomerular capillaries contain many _ in capillary __

large fenestrations, endothelium Signup and view all the answers

The glomerular capillaries contain fenestrations large enough to allow blood cells or large proteins to pass through

False Signup and view all the answers

The glomerular capillaries fenestrations are not large enough to allow blood cells or large proteins to pass through

True Signup and view all the answers

The female urethra is __ than the _ male urethra

Shorter and straighter, long curved Signup and view all the answers

In the female the urethra opens on the ____ of the _ of the vulva

ventral portion, vestibule Signup and view all the answers

In the male, the urethra runs of the penis and also functions in the

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Uremia

accumulation in the blood of nitrogenous waste products (urea) that are usually excreted by the kidneys (toxic condition) Signup and view all the answers

Azotemia

Condition of nitrogen in the blood, clinically refers to excess urea in the blood Signup and view all the answers

High blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries allows some plasma out of the capillaries and into the capsular space of Bowmans capsule

False Signup and view all the answers

High blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries forces some plasma out of the capillaries and into the capsular space of Bowmans capsule

True Signup and view all the answers

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) refers to

How fast plasma is filtered through the glumerolus Signup and view all the answers

Substances to be reabsorbed pass _ of the through or between _____

out, tubular lumen, tubular epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

After the substances to be reabsorbed pass out of the tubular lumen through or between tubular epithelial cells they __________________

enter the interstitial fluid and pass through the endothelium into peritubular capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Nerve supply to the kidney is primarily from the ____________ portion of the autonomic nervous system

sympathetic Signup and view all the answers

Nerve supply to the kidneys controls the blood flow through the glomerular capillaries, therefore it is essential for the kidney to function

False Signup and view all the answers

Nerve supply to the kidneys controls the blood flow through the glomerular capillaries, however, it is not essential for the kidney to function

True Signup and view all the answers

Ureters leave the kidney at the hilus

True Signup and view all the answers

Ureters enter the kidney at the hilus

False Signup and view all the answers

Layers of the ureters

Fibrous layer, middle smooth muscle, inner layer lined with transitional epithelium Signup and view all the answers

____________ allows ureters to stretch as urine passes through them on its way to the urinary bladder

The transitional epithelium Signup and view all the answers

___________ propels urine through the ureter by peristaltic contractions

Smooth muscle layer Signup and view all the answers

The ureters enter the urinary bladder at _____________-

An oblique angle Signup and view all the answers

When the bladder is full, it collapses the opening of the ureter, preventing urine from backing up into the ureter

True Signup and view all the answers

When the bladder is full, it collapses the opening of the ureter, allowing urine to back up into the ureter

False Signup and view all the answers

The urinary bladder is lined with ________ that stretches as the bladder is filled with urine

Transitional epithelium Signup and view all the answers

The wall of the urinary bladder contains ____________

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

Neck of the bladder extends from the into the _ and joins the urethra

caudally, sac, pelvic canal Signup and view all the answers

Expulsion of urine from the urinary bladder into the urethra

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Urine accumulates until pressure of the filling bladder activates stretch receptors in the bladder wall

True Signup and view all the answers

__ returns a motor impulse to bladder muscles causing them to

Spinal reflex, contract Signup and view all the answers

_______ gives the sensation of having to urinate

Contraction Signup and view all the answers

of the muscular sphincter around the neck of the bladder results in __

voluntary control, temporary control of urination Signup and view all the answers

Urinary system ANATOMY

Questions and Answers

The parts of the urinary system are

Funtion of the kidney

What do the kidneys remove from the blood

Where are the kidneys located

The kidneys are __________ to abdominal cavity; between ______ and ________ abdominal muscles

In most domestic animals the right kidney is ________ cranial than the left

_______ layer of _____________ fat usually surrounds the kidneys to protect them from pressure exerted by the surrounding organs

The kidneys maintain homeostasis through

The kidneys can maintain homeostasis in the body through filtration, reabsorption and secretion ONLY

The kidneys can maintain homeostasis in the body through filtration, reabsorption and secretion, as well as fluid and acid base balance regulation, and production of hormones

The kidneys can maintain homeostasis in the body through filtration, reabsorption and secretion, as well as fluid and acid base balance regulation, and production of enzyme renin

The kidney has a __________________________

The hilus is the ________

What enters and leaves the kidneys through the hilus of the kidneys

Funnel-shaped area inside the hilus

Lined with transitional epithelium

Forms the beginning of the ureter

Outer portion of the kidney

The inner portion that is around the renal pelvis

Cuplike extension of the renal pelvis

Act as a funnel to direct fluid to the renal pelvis

Basic functional unit of kidneys

the number of nephrons per kidney varies, how many for cat and how many for medium dog

Each nephron consists of a

Located in the renal cortex

Filters blood in the first stage of urine production

Composed of glumerulus surrounded by bowmans capsule

"Tuft" of capillaries

Fluid filtered out of blood is called

Continuation of capsular space of Bowman's capsule

Twisting path through the cortex

Glomerular filtrate is called tubular filtrate after going through the proximal convoluted tubule

Glomerular filtrate is called tubular filtrate after going through the distal convoluted tubule

Descends from PCT into medulla, turns heads upward into cortex

________ loop of henle has epithelial cells similar to those of PCT

_________ loop wall becomes thicker again

Continuation of ascending loop of henle

DCT from all nephrons in the kidney ________________________

Carry tubular filtrate through the medulla

Carry tubular filtrate through medulla and empty into renal pelvis

Primary site of action of ADH and regulation of potassium and acid-base balance

The renal ______ is a branch off the _______ aorta

The renal artery enters the kidney at the ______

The renal artery divides into

_______________ carry blood into the glomerular capillaries of the _________________

_________________ filter some of the plasma out of blood and put it in the _______________ of bowman's capsule

____________ Receive blood from glomerular capillaries

___________ glomerular arterioles divide to form the peritubular capillaries

Efferent glomerular arterioles divide to form the ____________

Efferent glomerular arterioles divide into a network of capillaries that form to surround the rest of the nephron.

Oxygen transfer to the cells of the nephron takes place in the ____________

Tubular reabsorption and secretion takes place in the

Peritubular capillaries converge to form ______ then ________ and finally the ___________

The renal vein ________ the kidney at the hilus and joins the ___________

Glomerular capillaries contain many _____________ in capillary ______________

The glomerular capillaries contain fenestrations large enough to allow blood cells or large proteins to pass through

The glomerular capillaries fenestrations are not large enough to allow blood cells or large proteins to pass through

The female urethra is __________________ than the _________________ male urethra

In the female the urethra opens on the ____________ of the _________ of the vulva

In the male, the urethra runs ____________ of the penis and also functions in the ____________

Uremia

Azotemia

High blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries allows some plasma out of the capillaries and into the capsular space of Bowmans capsule

High blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries forces some plasma out of the capillaries and into the capsular space of Bowmans capsule

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) refers to

Substances to be reabsorbed pass ___ of the __________ through or between _____________

After the substances to be reabsorbed pass out of the tubular lumen through or between tubular epithelial cells they __________________

Nerve supply to the kidney is primarily from the ____________ portion of the autonomic nervous system

Nerve supply to the kidneys controls the blood flow through the glomerular capillaries, therefore it is essential for the kidney to function

Nerve supply to the kidneys controls the blood flow through the glomerular capillaries, however, it is not essential for the kidney to function

Ureters leave the kidney at the hilus

Ureters enter the kidney at the hilus

Layers of the ureters

____________ allows ureters to stretch as urine passes through them on its way to the urinary bladder

___________ propels urine through the ureter by peristaltic contractions

The ureters enter the urinary bladder at _____________-

When the bladder is full, it collapses the opening of the ureter, preventing urine from backing up into the ureter

When the bladder is full, it collapses the opening of the ureter, allowing urine to back up into the ureter

The kidneys are to abdominal cavity; between and abdominal muscles

_ layer of _______ fat usually surrounds the kidneys to protect them from pressure exerted by the surrounding organs

The renal is a branch off the _ aorta

_ carry blood into the glomerular capillaries of the ___

___ filter some of the plasma out of blood and put it in the _ of bowman's capsule

Peritubular capillaries converge to form then and finally the _____

The renal vein the kidney at the hilus and joins the ___

Glomerular capillaries contain many _ in capillary __

The female urethra is __ than the _ male urethra

In the female the urethra opens on the ____ of the _ of the vulva

In the male, the urethra runs of the penis and also functions in the

Substances to be reabsorbed pass _ of the through or between _____

Neck of the bladder extends from the into the _ and joins the urethra

__ returns a motor impulse to bladder muscles causing them to

of the muscular sphincter around the neck of the bladder results in __