70 Questions
What is the recommended position for the cassette during an X-ray procedure for the patient's abdomen?
At the level of the low costal margin
When is the exposure made during an X-ray procedure for the patient's abdomen?
During full expiration
What is the purpose of the immobilization band during an X-ray procedure for the patient's abdomen?
To prevent the patient from moving
Where should the X-ray beam be collimated during an X-ray procedure for the patient's abdomen?
Just within the margins of the cassette
What is the recommended respiratory state during an X-ray procedure for the patient's abdomen?
Full expiration
What type of projections can be taken to show the change in the relative position of calculi and bladder?
Antero-posterior and oblique projections
What is the difference in mobility between calculi within the urinary bladder and calcification outside the bladder?
Calculi within the bladder are more mobile
What is the purpose of caudal angulation in projecting the symphysis below the bladder?
To project the symphysis below the bladder
What is the most effective way to distinguish between prostatic calculi and urinary bladder calculi?
Oblique projections
What is the condition of urinary bladder calculi?
Mobile
What is the recommended diet for a patient prior to renal tract radiography?
Low-residue diet
What should be the size of the cassette used during antero-posterior radiography of the abdomen and pelvis?
35*43 cm cassette
What should be the position of the patient during antero-posterior radiography of the abdomen and pelvis?
Supine
Is bowel preparation necessary for emergency renal tract radiography?
No, bowel preparation is not possible
Where should the center of the cassette be located during antero-posterior radiography of the abdomen and pelvis?
At the level of the iliac crest
What is the recommended radiation protection for females if the bladder and lower ureters are not included in the image?
A lead-rubber sheet can be placed over the lower abdomen to protect the ovaries
What is the recommended radiation protection for males if the whole renal tract including bladder is to be visualized?
No gonad shielding is possible
What is the pregnancy rule in regards to radiation protection?
It should always be observed
What is shown in the AP supine plain image?
A left lower pole renal calculus and a calculus in the upper right ureter
What is the purpose of the small lead sheet for males during radiation imaging?
To protect the testes
What is the preferred method for examining the lower urinary system?
Retrograde urography
What is the purpose of a cystourethrogram?
To examine the bladder and urethra
What should a patient do to prepare for a cystourethrogram?
Fast after midnight
What conditions may prevent a patient from becoming dehydrated during a cystourethrogram?
High uric acid level
What type of contrast agent is used in a cystogram AP?
Ionic iodinated
What is the recommended centering point for a basic IV pyelography X-ray?
2.5 cm above the symphysis pubis
What is the alternative method for IV pyelography X-ray if a higher centering point is required?
Displace the cassette downwards
What is the purpose of IV pyelography X-ray?
To investigate the renal collecting system
What is the antegrade method for filling the urinary canal with contrast media?
Against the normal flow
What is the recommended angle for right or left posterior oblique IV pyelography X-ray?
15 degrees
What is the purpose of compression in urography?
To prevent extrarenal pathology
When is compression contraindicated in urography?
Traumatic injury
What should be done for radiation protection in urography for female patients?
Shield the pelvis
What can be caught in plain urography besides renal pathology?
Extrarenal pathology
Where should men be shielded for radiation protection in urography?
Pelvis
What can be visualized through plain radiography of the abdominal and pelvic cavity for urinary tract imaging?
The lateral border of the psoas muscle and opaque stones in the kidney area
What is the primary purpose of plain radiography for urinary tract imaging?
To visualize the kidneys and bladder
What can be detected through plain radiography of the abdominal and pelvic cavity for urinary tract imaging?
Calcifications within the kidney or in the bladder wall
What is the significance of visualizing the lateral border of the psoas muscle in urinary tract imaging?
It serves as a landmark for identifying the position of the kidneys
What is the role of plain radiography in detecting urinary tract stones?
It can detect only opaque stones in the kidney area and in the region of the bladder
What is the recommended size of the cassette used in the antero-posterior view with 15 degrees caudal angulation?
18*24-cm
What is the recommended degree of rotation for the MSP in the oblique bladder view?
35 degrees
In the oblique bladder view, which side of the patient is raised?
The right side
Where should the central ray be centered in the antero-posterior view with 15 degrees caudal angulation?
5 cm above the upper border of the symphysis pubis
What is the recommended size of the cassette used in the oblique bladder view?
30*40-cm
What is the recommended treatment for the disease mentioned in the text?
There is no recommended treatment mentioned
What is the purpose of the M.C test mentioned in the text?
To evaluate the students' knowledge in a specific subject
What is the significance of the value 100-30 mentioned in the text?
It has no significance in the context of the text
What is the role of MSP in the text?
To provide medical care for patients with a specific disease
What is the relationship between Pt and U mentioned in the text?
Pt is a treatment for U
What is the purpose of obtaining posterior oblique projections in renal imaging?
To visualize the right kidney and collecting system in profile and the left kidney
What is the main advantage of using lateral projection in renal imaging?
To confirm the presence of opacities anterior or posterior to the renal tract
What does the right posterior oblique projection show in renal imaging?
The right kidney and collecting system in profile and the left kidney
What is the purpose of obtaining lateral projection in renal imaging?
To confirm the presence of opacities anterior or posterior to the renal tract
What does the left posterior oblique projection show in renal imaging?
The left kidney in profile and the right kidney
What is the most frequently recommended view in IVU?
Supine AP from 3-20 min
What is the purpose of the bladder view in IVU?
To check for residual urine
What is the recommended post-procedure care for IVU?
Encourage the patient to drink extra fluids to flush the contrast from the body
What is the purpose of the nephrogram immediately after injection in IVU?
To visualize the renal parenchyma and vasculature
What is the purpose of the compression phase in IVU?
To visualize the upper ureters and pelvicalaceal system
What is the purpose of the AP Oblique D projection in the imaging of the urinary system?
To visualize the bladder
What is the purpose of the Lateral projection in the imaging of the urinary system?
To visualize the distal end of the ureters
Which projection is used to visualize the anterior and posterior walls of the bladder and the base of the bladder?
Lateral projection
Which projection is used to visualize the ureter in the RPO position?
AP Oblique D projection
What is the gender of the patient in the provided imaging example?
Female
What is the purpose of performing a Trendelenburg position during a radiographic exam?
To assess lordosis abnormalities
What is the recommended degree of caudal tilt for radiographic exams of the bladder neck and proximal urethra?
5 degrees
What is the recommended degree of caudal tilt for radiographic exams of the prostate gland above the symphisis pubis?
20-25 degrees
What is the recommended degree of caudal tilt for radiographic exams of the lower ends of the ureters?
10-15 degrees
What is the recommended degree of caudal tilt for radiographic exams of the bladder with contrast after post voiding?
15-25 degrees
Test your knowledge on ureteral compression with this informative quiz. Learn about the application, indications, and contraindications of this medical procedure. Understand when it can and cannot be used and how it is performed. Use this quiz to enhance your understanding of ureteral compression and its importance in medical practice.
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