G7 Term1 Geography chapter 1.1-4.1
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of an urban area?

  • Lower population density
  • High population density (correct)
  • Fewer facilities
  • Short buildings sparsely distributed

    • Rural areas have a higher number of community facilities compared to urban areas.

    False

    Name two types of facilities that are more prevalent in urban areas.

    Road networks and libraries

    In a rural area, buildings are typically __________ and more spaced out.

    <p>shorter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics to urban or rural areas:

    <p>High population density = Urban Area Shorter buildings = Rural Area Fewer facilities = Rural Area More roads and railways = Urban Area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What industries experienced rapid growth in Hong Kong before the mid-1970s?

    <p>Textiles and toys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Hong Kong Science Park was established between the mid-1970s and the 1990s.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one location in Hong Kong where industries were concentrated before the mid-1970s.

    <p>Chai Wan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Industrial estates and zones in Hong Kong were primarily established during the ____ to attract businesses and provide larger factory spaces.

    <p>mid-1970s to 1990s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following industrial developments with their respective time periods:

    <p>Textiles and toys = Before the mid-1970s Industrial estates construction = Mid-1970s to 1990s Hong Kong Science Park = Since the late 1990s Cyberport = Since the late 1990s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics best describes high-income residential areas in Hong Kong?

    <p>Quiet living environment with beautiful views</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low-income residential areas are often characterized by spacious flats.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name an example of a high-income residential area in Hong Kong.

    <p>The Peak or Kowloon Tong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ housing in Hong Kong is built by the government to provide affordable housing for low-income families.

    <p>public</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is characterized by the highest population density?

    <p>Low-Income Residential Area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following residential area types with their corresponding characteristics:

    <p>High-Income = Small flats and crowded environment Middle-Income = Pleasant living environment Low-Income = Largest flats at the lowest price Public Housing = Affordable housing for low-income families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one feature that distinguishes middle-income residential areas from high-income residential areas?

    <p>Smaller flats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Squatter areas are legally built on urban fringes and hillsides.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has contributed to Central's status as the CBD of Hong Kong?

    <p>A long history of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central is located on reclaimed land along the coast of Victoria Harbour.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one major landmark located in Central.

    <p>International Finance Centre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central serves as the __________, administrative, and cultural hub of Hong Kong.

    <p>economic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following features of Central with their descriptions:

    <p>Transport Network = Connects Central to other districts Land Reclamation = Expanding coastal land for development Symbol of Status = Transnational corporation offices Historical Development = Since the mid-1800s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transportation option is commonly used by businessmen from overseas to access Central?

    <p>Airport Express</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central's accessibility is poor due to a lack of public transport options.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much land has been reclaimed in Central?

    <p>700m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of urban land use in Hong Kong?

    <p>Agricultural land use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mixed land use in Hong Kong refers to areas that solely serve residential purposes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major reason for placing old industrial areas close to low-income residential areas?

    <p>To provide abundant low-skilled labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of land use includes hospitals and libraries?

    <p>Institutional land use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ is an example of recreational land use.

    <p>park</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Industrial areas in new towns are located near high-income residential areas.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of land use with their examples:

    <p>Residential = Public Housing Industrial = Warehouse Commercial = Office building Recreational = Swimming pool Transport = Road</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one problem caused by factories located near low-income residential areas.

    <p>Air and noise pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High-tech industries are primarily located in the _____ near high-income residential areas.

    <p>suburbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of separating industrial areas from residential zones in new towns?

    <p>To minimize the negative impacts of industrial activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following areas with their characteristics:

    <p>Old Industrial Areas = Close to low-income residential areas Industrial Areas in New Towns = Separated by green belts High-Tech Industries = Close to high-income residential areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Tai Po Industrial Estate is an example of industrial areas that are close to residential areas.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What attracted IT professionals to the high-tech industries located in the suburbs?

    <p>Pleasant living environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of facilities are primarily located in the Central Business District of Hong Kong?

    <p>Headquarters of transnational corporations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heavy traffic and pedestrian flows are characteristics of the Central Business District in Hong Kong.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one cultural venue found in the Central Business District of Hong Kong.

    <p>Central Harbourfront Event Space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CBD of Hong Kong is an important __________ center, housing government offices.

    <p>administrative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics of the Central Business District with their descriptions:

    <p>Tall buildings = Result of land competition and high rents Five-star hotels = Accommodate tourism and events Heavy traffic = Intense business activity and congestion Cultural venues = Recreational activities and historic buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of urban land uses in Hong Kong is allocated to residential use?

    <p>28%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Industrial land use occupies more space than commercial land use in Hong Kong.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one area in Hong Kong known for its residential land use.

    <p>Tai Koo Shing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The largest transport land use in Hong Kong is the __________.

    <p>Hong Kong International Airport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of land use with their respective characteristics:

    <p>Residential = 28% of urban land use Transport = 24% of urban land use Commercial = 2% of urban land use Industrial = 10% of urban land use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which land use type occupies the least percentage of urban land in Hong Kong?

    <p>Commercial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of land use distribution in Hong Kong?

    <p>It is complex and densely developed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Recreational land use areas can be found __________ across the territory.

    <p>scattered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of urban land use?

    <p>Agricultural</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Traffic congestion is least likely to occur during peak hours.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major types of residential areas?

    <p>High-income, middle-income, low-income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Environmental pollution includes __________, land, water, noise, and light pollution.

    <p>air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following features to their respective land uses:

    <p>Residential = Housing and living spaces Industrial = Manufacturing and production facilities Commercial = Retail and business services Recreational = Parks and leisure areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major contributing factor to urban decay?

    <p>Land use conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CBD of a city typically has low rents and few administrative functions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one reason why Central is considered the CBD of Hong Kong.

    <p>Long history of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average waiting time for public housing in Hong Kong as of 2020?

    <p>5.5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Air pollution in Hong Kong has consistently met World Health Organization standards every year.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of land pollution in Hong Kong?

    <p>solid waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Many residential buildings in Hong Kong are close to __________ roads and commercial areas.

    <p>busy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of pollution with their descriptions:

    <p>Air Pollution = Major source is cars and power plants Land Pollution = Over 10,000 tonnes of food waste daily Water Pollution = 3 million cubic meters of sewage produced daily Noise Pollution = Affects mental health and quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of traffic congestion in Hong Kong?

    <p>Crowded railway platforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Light pollution is primarily a concern in rural areas of Hong Kong.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What problem arises from the solid waste landfilling process?

    <p>sewage pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The average living environment is affected by __________ buildings that are not well maintained.

    <p>older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of urban decay condition is most often found in older areas?

    <p>Worsening environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Urban Areas

    • Characterized by high population density, developed areas with tall buildings and facilities
    • Dense road and railway networks, sports grounds, libraries and community facilities more prevalent
    • Higher population density compared to rural areas

    Rural Areas

    • Characterized by lower population density, shorter buildings spread sparsely, fewer facilities
    • Fewer facilities compared to urban areas

    Old Industrial Areas

    • Located near low-income residential areas
    • Required low-skilled workers in early manufacturing industries
    • Proximity allowed workers to easily access jobs and save commuting costs
    • Caused air and noise pollution, fire risks and safety concerns for residents

    Industrial Areas in New Towns

    • Separated from residential areas by green belts, recreational areas, and community facilities
    • Designed to minimize negative impacts of industrial activities on residential areas
    • Example: Tai Po Industrial Estate

    High-Tech Industries

    • Located in suburbs near high-income residential areas
    • Pleasant living environment attracts IT professionals

    Industrial Development Stages

    • Before the mid-1970s: Textile and toy industries grew rapidly, housed in multi-story factory buildings in older urban areas like Chai Wan and San Po Kong
    • Mid-1970s to the 1990s: Industrial estates and zones were built in new towns, offering larger factory space and jobs, attracting businesses and workers
    • Since late 1990s: Hong Kong Science Park and Cyberport established to support high-tech industries, located near universities, attracting IT professionals

    Residential Areas of Hong Kong

    • High-income: High population density, spacious flats, beautiful views, quiet and comfortable living environment, expensive flats, located on high ground or away from urban centres like The Peak and Kowloon Tong, examples: Tai Koo Shing and Whampoa Garden
    • Middle-income: Higher population density than low-income, but lower than high-income, smaller flats, pleasant and sufficient facilities, found away from or near the urban centre
    • Low-income: High population density, crowded living environment, small flats, often found in old urban areas, public housing developments, or urban fringes and hillsides, examples: public housing, old urban areas, and squatter areas

    Urban Land Use Distribution in Hong Kong

    • Residential: Most common land use, occupying 28% of all urban land
    • Transport: Second most common land use, with 24% of all urban land
    • Industrial, commercial, and recreational/institutional land uses Make up a lesser proportion of urban land

    Central Business District (CBD) of Hong Kong

    • Important factors contributing to its emergence:
      • Long History of Development: Has been the development centre since the mid-1800s, home to Government Headquarters, major roads, and key buildings, serves as the economic, administrative, and cultural hub
      • Coastal Location: Located on flat coastal land along Victoria Harbour, allowing for expansion through land reclamation, many commercial buildings and roads built on reclaimed land
      • Symbol of Status: A symbol of status, with many transnational corporations establishing offices there for reputation and image building
      • High Accessibility: Well-developed transport network, making it highly accessible with various public transportation options connecting Central to other districts, Airport Express and cross-border buses provide access for international business travelers

    Characteristics of Central Business District (CBD)

    • Commercial Centre: Provides land for various commercial uses, including headquarters and offices of transnational corporations, financial institutions, professional service providers, luxury goods shops and malls, five-star hotels
    • Tall Buildings with High Rents: Strong land competition due to limited supply, resulting in high rents, leading to tall and dense buildings
    • Administrative Centre: Serves as the administrative centre of Hong Kong, housing government offices like Government Headquarters, Legislative Council, Court of Final Appeal
    • Cultural Venues: Provides recreational and cultural spaces, including Central Harbourfront Event Space, revitalized historic buildings
    • Heavy Traffic: Located in the city centre with heavy business activity, leading to heavy pedestrian and traffic flows, causing traffic congestion

    Major Types of Urban Land Use in Hong Kong

    • Residential
    • Industrial
    • Commercial
    • Recreational
    • Institutional
    • Transport
    • Mixed

    Major Urban Problems in Hong Kong

    • Housing problems:
      • Shortage of Housing: Lack of enough housing, expensive private housing, insufficient public housing, leading to long waiting times
      • Poor Living Environment: Older buildings lack maintenance, leading to hygiene and safety problems, overcrowded subdivided flats
    • Traffic Congestion: Common in the CBD, older urban areas, and at traffic bottlenecks, heavy traffic during peak hours
    • Environmental Pollution:
      • Air Pollution: Cars and power plants are major sources, roadside air pollution is severe in commercial areas with heavy traffic
      • Land Pollution: Solid waste is the biggest source, landfilling creates sewage that pollutes soil and groundwater, reaching landfill capacity
      • Water Pollution: Sewage from domestic, commercial, and farming sources pollutes seawater
      • Noise Pollution: Buildings close to busy roads and commercial areas, noise from traffic, road maintenance, and businesses impacts mental health and quality of life
      • Light Pollution: Bright lights waste energy and affect residents’ daily lives
    • Urban Decay: Deteriorating urban environments, often common in older areas, old and poorly maintained buildings, lack of facilities, land use conflicts

    Residential Land Uses

    • Residential areas can be categorized by income level: high, middle, and low.
    • Squatter areas, like those found in Rio de Janeiro, often reflect low-income housing conditions.

    Industrial Land Uses

    • Industrial areas have evolved over time:
      • Before the mid-1970s: predominantly traditional industries.
      • Mid-1970s to 1990s: shift towards light industries.
      • Late 1990s onwards: rise of high-tech industries.
    • Industrial areas exhibit distinct spatial patterns:
      • Old industrial areas often cluster near low-income residential areas.
      • New industrial estates and zones are typically located away from residential areas.
      • High-tech industry clusters near high-income residential areas.

    Central Business District (CBD)

    • The Central Business District (CBD) is the primary commercial hub of a city.
    • In Hong Kong, Central serves as the CBD.
    • Key characteristics of the CBD:
      • Concentration of commercial activities.
      • Presence of high-rise buildings with high rental rates.
      • Serves as the administrative centre.
      • Contains cultural venues.
      • Experiences heavy traffic congestion.
    • Central's status as the Hong Kong CBD can be attributed to:
      • Long history of development.
      • Coastal location.
      • Symbolic association with high status.
    • The CBD of Kuala Lumpur serves as a contrasting case study.

    Glossary

    • An urban area designates the city's built-up zone.
    • Built-up areas refer to land with structures and constructions.
    • Distribution indicates the pattern in which something spreads across a space.
    • Hong Kong Island is a key island within the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
    • Kowloon refers to the region north of the harbor, also part of Hong Kong.
    • A new town is a planned settlement developed from scratch.
    • The New Territories encompass the territory north of Kowloon and Hong Kong Island, part of Hong Kong.
    • A rural area represents the countryside or non-urban land use.
    • Outlying islands denote islands beyond the main landmass of Hong Kong.
    • Population density reflects the number of people inhabiting a unit area.
    • Land use refers to the way in which land is utilized by humans.

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    Test your knowledge on urban and rural areas, including their characteristics, differences, and the impact of industrial development. Understand how high-tech industries and old industrial areas affect communities and the environment. This quiz will challenge your awareness of urban planning and demographic trends.

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