Urban Structure Theory: Growth Management Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of urban growth management?

  • Complete cessation of growth
  • Encouraging unchecked urban expansion
  • Restricting all forms of development
  • Regulating the scale, timing, location, and nature of development (correct)

Growth control refers to completely stopping any further urban development.

False (B)

Name one motivation for implementing urban growth management.

Environmental conservation

The movement towards sustainability and smart growth began gaining momentum in the __________.

<p>1960s</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms to their correct descriptions:

<p>Growth management = Management without necessarily restricting growth Growth control = Includes management and restriction of growth No growth = Complete halt to growth Smart growth = Sustainable urban development strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which urban planning strategy was implemented in Ramapo, New York?

<p>Strict zoning laws allowing only single-family homes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Boulder, Colorado has regulations that require 20% of new housing supply to be affordable.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Fort Collins, Colorado use to designate areas for future growth?

<p>urban growth area</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hawaii categorized all land into ___ zones for growth management.

<p>four</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following states with their urban planning strategies:

<p>Florida = Concurrency requirements to manage development Oregon = Mandatory land-use plans aligned with state goals Hawaii = Zoning of all land into four categories Boulder = Limit on new housing permits to control growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major outcome of the congestion management requirements in Florida?

<p>Sprawl to urban fringes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The growth management plan in Oregon was enacted in 1973.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary industry is significant in Hawaii, influencing its land use regulations?

<p>agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Boulder, housing permits are limited to ____ houses per year.

<p>400</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the states with their respective growth management characteristics:

<p>Ramapo = Zoning restrictions on housing types Fort Collins = Private sector funding for infrastructure Hawaii = Classification of land use zones Oregon = Urban growth boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is urban sprawl mainly characterized by?

<p>Disorderly expansion of urban areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smart growth aims to reduce traffic congestion and environmental degradation.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key document first introduced the concept of sustainable development?

<p>Brundtland Report</p> Signup and view all the answers

The principle of '______' in sustainable development emphasizes that current practices should not hinder future generations from meeting their needs.

<p>sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following principles of smart growth with their descriptions:

<p>Mixed-use land = Combining different land uses in one area Walkable neighborhoods = Developing areas that are safe and easy to walk in Open space preservation = Protecting natural spaces and agricultural land Diverse transportation options = Providing various means for people to travel within a community</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a criticism of growth management strategies?

<p>They can transfer development pressures to less-regulated areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Urban sprawl is beneficial for environmental conservation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'leapfrog development' refer to in urban planning?

<p>A development pattern where new projects are built far away from the urban center</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sustainable development is defined within the framework of the '______' categories: environmental quality, social equity, and economic development.

<p>3E</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following smart growth principles with their definitions:

<p>In-fill development = Developing vacant land within existing urban areas Community involvement = Engaging residents in planning processes Compact design = Building denser housing and mixed-use communities Proximity to employment = Creating neighborhoods close to workplaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'environmental quality' in sustainable development primarily refer to?

<p>Preservation of natural resources and health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

High-density development in urban areas is always detrimental to the environment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one strategy used in smart growth to combat urban sprawl.

<p>Urban growth boundaries or mixed-use development</p> Signup and view all the answers

Creating a community that promotes '______' involves design elements that encourage walking, biking, and using public transit.

<p>walkability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Urban Growth Management

Regulating the scale, timing, location, and nature of development.

Growth Management

Managing growth without necessarily restricting it.

Growth Control

Managing and guiding growth, but also restricting it.

Growth Management Goals

Protecting the environment, preserving communities, ensuring sustainable development, managing costs, and addressing local exclusivity.

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Origins of Growth Management

Stemming from post-WWII suburbanization, increased environmental awareness, and the idea of sustainable growth.

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Urban Sprawl

The unplanned and uncontrolled expansion of a city.

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Leap Frog Development

A type of urban sprawl where unconnected development occurs.

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Commercial Strip Development

Development of businesses along roads or streets.

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Low Density Development

Development with a small number of houses per area of land.

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Smart Growth

A planned approach to urban growth that tries to be environmentally and socially responsible.

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In-fill Development

Developing vacant or unused land within an existing urban area.

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Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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3E of Sustainable Development

Environment, social equity, and economic development.

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Development Constraints

Restrictions on development imposed to address concerns about quality of life, the environment, or other factors.

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Growth Boundary

A designated area outside which development is restricted.

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Mixed-Use Development

Development designed to incorporate various uses (e.g. residential, commercial, recreational).

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Density

The amount of activity or dwellings in a given area.

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Accessibility

The ease of reaching a place.

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Open Space

Areas of undeveloped land within a built-up area.

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Ramapo, NY Growth Management

Ramapo, NY implemented a zoning approach where new development was only allowed if it met standards for infrastructure (like roads, sewers).

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Boulder, CO's Open Space

Boulder, CO acquired open space to limit urban sprawl. They also limited housing growth.

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Fort Collins, CO Growth Area

Fort Collins, CO required developers to pay for infrastructure, used 'urban growth areas' to direct growth and applied the same standards as existing city.

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Hawaii's Land Use Zones

Hawaii divided its land into zones (urban, rural, agricultural, conservation) to control development.

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Florida's Concurrency

Florida introduced "concurrency" requirements, ensuring development had necessary infrastructure. This required adequate infrastructure development before new growth

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Oregon's Urban Growth Boundaries (UGBs)

Oregon used UGBs to control development, focusing growth within the boundaries and limiting growth outside.

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Growth Management vs. Traditional Planning

Growth management uses a more comprehensive, long-term vision and combines different planning tools for achieving its goals unlike traditional planning.

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Criticism of Growth Management

Critics argue that growth management can favor existing interests, e.g., limiting growth by influencing public decisions.

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Housing supply effect on growth

In some areas, limited housing supply has caused price increases because worker populations increased faster.

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Study Notes

Urban Growth Management and Sustainable Development

  • Course: 2024-2 Urban Structure Theory
  • Date: November 12, 2024
  • Instructor: Professor Kim Seung-Jung
  • Course Topics:
    • Urban Growth Management concepts and origins
    • Growth Management program examples
    • Smart growth and sustainable development

Urban Growth Management Concepts and Origins

  • Urban Growth Management (UGM) is a regulation of urban areas's development in terms of their scale, timing, location, and characteristics.
  • It's more than just growth control; it actively shapes growth patterns toward desired outcomes.
  • UGM encompasses growth management, growth control, and no-growth policies.
  • Origins include:
    • Post-WWII suburbanization
    • 1960s environmental awareness
    • Concerns about overpopulation and environmental damage
    • Criticisms of uncontrolled urban sprawl

Growth Management Program Examples

  • Ramapo, New York: Regulation of zoning only allowing certain types of development and controlling infrastructure to deter uncontrolled sprawl.
  • Boulder, Colorado: Implemented land-use regulations, which restricts new housing growth in certain areas.
  • Fort Collins, Colorado: This approach focused on making development pay for the infrastructure (e.g. roads) it required—thus slowing the rate of development
  • Hawaii: First state to establish growth management plans, to balance population growth with concerns over environment and quality of life.
  • Florida: Policies aimed at managing urban expansion.
  • Oregon: This state developed regulations around growth boundaries in their planning.

Smart Growth and Sustainable Development

  • Smart growth is a approach emphasizing growth patterns that minimize negative impacts on the environment and social equity while supporting economic development.
  • Characteristics of smart growth include:
    • Mixed-use zoning
    • Compact development
    • Focus on public transit & walkability
    • Preserving green spaces
    • Affordable housing access
  • Sustainable development is a concept that combines economic advancement with social and environmental responsibility; to address global issues in terms of resources and sustainability.
    • It necessitates balancing economic progress, social equity, and environmental stewardship.
    • Key factors, including environmental quality, social equity, and economic development all require careful consideration of each other's needs to plan for sustained levels of improvement.

Next Class Topics

  • Energy and environmental planning

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Description

This quiz explores the essential concepts and origins of Urban Growth Management (UGM) as covered in the Urban Structure Theory course. It delves into how UGM shapes urban development patterns and discusses notable examples of growth management programs. Understand the historical context and policies that influence sustainable urban development.

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