Urban Society in America Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which group is predominantly represented in the profession of classroom teachers?

  • Overwhelmingly female (correct)
  • Primarily male with few females
  • Equal representation of both genders
  • Male dominated mostly

    • What was the significance of the 1896 Rural Free Delivery Act?

  • It eliminated the postal service entirely in rural areas
  • It mandated delivery of goods purchased from catalogues
  • It established the first chain stores in rural areas
  • It required that rural towns receive mail to a post box (correct)

    • What best describes the concept of 'Advocacy Journalism' as pursued by Joseph Pulitzer?

  • To comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable (correct)
  • To provide a neutral viewpoint on all stories
  • To sensationalize issues for higher sales
  • Focus solely on entertainment and celebrity gossip

    • How did the rise of chain and department stores contribute to consumer behavior?

    <p>Established a consistent and reliable shopping experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did yellow journalism play in the newspaper industry?

    <p>Focused on attracting readers through sensationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the growth of the Tin Can Industry?

    <p>The rise of a mass consumption society ensuring year-round availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant factor contributing to the urban population tripling during the Age of the City?

    <p>Internal migration from rural areas for job opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about William Hurst is true?

    <p>He owned over 500 daily newspapers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the primary effects of the mass consumption society on the garment industry?

    <p>Standardization of sizes in garment factories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Ghetto' refer to in the context of ethnic cities?

    <p>A predominantly foreign-born population area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of urban living helped to accommodate the growing population in cities?

    <p>Development of vertical buildings through elevators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Jacob Riis contribute to the understanding of slum conditions in New York?

    <p>By documenting the living conditions with photography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which city was NOT mentioned as one of the top cities in the world by 1900?

    <p>Boston</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the average time it took for immigrants to pass through Ellis Island during its operation years?

    <p>2 and a half hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transportation advancement contributed to making society more mobile during the industrial age?

    <p>Development of railroads and terminals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable characteristic of the urban population by 1915 compared to farmers?

    <p>A shift from 70% farmers to only 7% involved in farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary issue that led to instability in the bimetallism system during the time of increasing U.S. silver supply?

    <p>The Comstock Lode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'debasement' refer to in the context of currency?

    <p>Mixing precious metal with base metals and misrepresenting them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which character in 'The Wizard of Oz' symbolizes the American Farmer and faces the challenge of competing in a specialized economy?

    <p>The Scarecrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the 'Tornadoes' in the context of the Populist Movement represent the farmers' struggles?

    <p>As an uncontrollable force causing bankruptcy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main goal of the Populist Movement regarding the American farmer?

    <p>To maintain the family farm despite impossible odds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    William Jennings Bryan's 'Cross of Gold Speech' advocated for which economic principle?

    <p>The inclusion of both gold and silver in currency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which character in 'The Wizard of Oz' symbolizes the American Industrial Worker and experiences soullessness in industrial life?

    <p>The Tin Man</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'free silver' denote in the context of the divided Democratic Party?

    <p>Putting silver back into circulation to cause inflation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the title of the election that featured a significant third-party challenge during the Populist Movement?

    <p>The Honey Bee Election</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Populist Movement, what did the character of the Wicked Witch of the West represent?

    <p>The oppressing forces of railroads and banks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Hyphenated-America' refer to?

    <p>The idea of competing identities where individuals identify with both their ethnicity and American identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept describes immigrants adopting aspects of a new culture while maintaining their separate identity?

    <p>Acculturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant societal factor for second-generation immigrants in the United States?

    <p>They became bilingual and were more likely to marry across ethnic lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Melt, Mix and Marriage' model describe regarding immigrant generations?

    <p>The progressive integration of generations into American society through cultural blending.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature associated with the 'American Dream' as outlined in the context provided?

    <p>Access to inexpensive public transportation leading to home ownership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event was associated with major setbacks in urban society during the Age of the City?

    <p>The Great Chicago Fire of 1871.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the concept of 'Honest Graft' as it relates to political machines?

    <p>Utilizing public office for personal gains without breaking laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates blue-collar jobs from white-collar jobs?

    <p>Blue-collar jobs are often more hands-on and physically demanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immigration wave primarily included individuals from Eastern and Southern Europe?

    <p>1900-1920</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of 'Stagnation' relate to the experiences of first-generation immigrants?

    <p>It refers to the experience of remaining disconnected from mainstream society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the urban population triple in the late 19th century? (Select all that apply.)

    <p>Black Americans migrated from the South to cities in the North and West.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the approximate population density of an urban area in the late 19th century?

    <p>2,500 people per square mile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the island that processed millions of immigrants entering the United States in the late 19th century?

    <p>Ellis Island</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 1900, the United States had three cities ranked in the top ten largest cities in the world.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technological advancement allowed cities to grow vertically and build upward?

    <p>The Otis Safety Elevator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who documented the harsh conditions of the slums in New York City in 1890 through photography?

    <p>Jacob Riis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas?

    <p>Internal Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the large railroad station in New York City that is often referred to as a “Cathedral of the Industrial Age”?

    <p>Grand Central Station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the act of assimilating into a new culture, adopting certain beliefs and behaviors, but still maintaining some aspects of your original culture?

    <p>Acculturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of work in the Industrial Age, based on skill sets and the nature of the work?

    <p>White Collar and Blue Collar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the use of illegal or unethical means to gain personal benefit from a position of power?

    <p>Honest Graft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 destroyed over 17,000 buildings and left over 100,000 people homeless.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the practice of a political machine of providing favors and support to its followers in exchange for political loyalty?

    <p>Patronage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the political machine in New York City that was run by William "Boss" Tweed?

    <p>Tammany Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the first national chain store that aimed to provide a wide variety of goods at low prices?

    <p>Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (A&amp;P)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a political figure who appeals to the emotions and prejudices of the people to gain support?

    <p>Demagogue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the movement that advocated for the use of silver as a form of currency in addition to gold?

    <p>The Populist Movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the author of "The Wizard of Oz" and also a supporter of Populist ideals?

    <p>L. Frank Baum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Populist Movement believed that inflation was a good thing for farmers and the economy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Populist Movement was ultimately successful in gaining control of the government and implementing their agenda.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the crucial speech delivered by William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 Democratic National Convention, advocating for the use of Silver?

    <p>The Cross of Gold Speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who won the 1896 Presidential Election, representing the Republican Party and advocating for the gold standard?

    <p>William McKinley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Growing Pains: Boom and Bust for Cities, Farmers, and Politicians

    • Age of the City: Urban population tripled by 1915, with a change from 70% farmers to 7%
    • Urban Population Growth Drivers: National population growth, increased foreign migration to the US, and internal migration from rural areas to cities.
    • Great Migration: Significant internal migration of black people, due to population doubling in 40 years, increased childbirth rates, and immigration.
    • Urban Density: 2,500 people per square mile. Rural population grew steadily while urban population accelerated.
    • Ethnic Cityscape: Large populations of foreign-born people in cities (e.g., Lower East Side of NYC with "Little Italy" and "Chinatown"), with Ellis Island processing 12,000,000 immigrants between 1892 and 1954. Average time to get processed ranged between 2 1/2 hours.
    • Urban Nation (1900): New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia were among the top three largest cities in the world, with universities expanding rapidly, accommodating large numbers of students. City planning & sanitation concerns grew with population density, leading to issues in slums.
    • How the Other Half Lives (1890): Jacob Riis documented the living conditions of the poor in NYC, with photography.
    • Escape to Inland Cities: People also moved from cities to other inland areas.

    The Most Mobile Society in the World

    • Rise of Inland Transportation and Communication Hubs: Cities like Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Omaha, Kansas City, New Orleans, Atlanta, and San Francisco became centers of communication and transport.
    • American Immigration Debate: Immigration debate; 15% foreign-born threshold debates, 1850-60 (Irish and Germans), 1900-1920's (Eastern and Southern Europe), 1990s (Hispanic). National debates emerged over the rate or types of immigration.
    • Hyphenated-America: The idea that people can be described by multiple identities (Irish-American, for example) which are competing. This concept highlights the diverse nature of American identities.

    The Three Generation American Model

    • Assimilation (Melting Pot): Immigrants completely adopt the culture of the adopting country
    • Acculturation (Salad Bowl): Immigrants adapt certain aspects of the culture, but keep their own distinct cultural identities.
    • Stagnation: Immigrants struggling to acculturate and remain isolated during this process. The text also describes how this process can be a result of choice or lack of opportunities.

    First Generation Immigrants

    • Off the Boat, On the Train: Immigrants frequently moved to large cities without their families.
    • Not Necessarily Rags to Riches: The immigrant experience wasn't always a fast track to wealth, but often involved struggles to find work and housing. This process often involved remigration to previous homelands.
    • 1/3 Remigration: A third of immigrants returned to their home countries, as they were not able to stay or find their way.

    Second Generation Immigrants

    • Natural Born Citizens and Naturalized Citizens: Some of children of immigrants became naturalized citizens through their parents becoming citizens first.

    Third Generation Immigrants

    • Americanized: Increased assimilation and intermarriage that blurred ethnicity lines.
    • Embraced Public Education: Becoming bilingual, adopting American values, and marrying other races.

    Setbacks by Nature and Man

    • Great Chicago Fire (1871): The devastating fire caused $200 million in damages and impacted the way the city is built, also led to building codes being put in place.
    • Schwenk Bank Failure: A failure resulting in a loss of money due to lack of real investment, and was a ponzi scheme.
    • Political Machines: Patronage as a system, where someone is supporting you as if a "father" supports his children; giving jobs, and other resources.

    The New Industrial Workforce; Specialization

    • White Collar vs Blue Collar: Professionals vs those in skilled trades, manufacturing, and other blue-collar jobs. Higher-paying positions existed in management, finance, and other knowledge-based fields.
    • Pink Collar Jobs: The female experience, such as jobs like typists and secretaries.
    • Sex-Typed Professions Within the Same Industry: The imbalance between men and women dominating various areas such as the telephone industry.
    • Ready-Made Clothes: Standardised sizing
    • Rise of Chain and Department Stores: Larger retail businesses like A&P emerged, providing consistent quality, and predicatable availability of goods.

    The Sears Catalog

    • Rural Free Delivery Act (1896): Allowed mail delivery to rural areas, enabling them to have access to products previously only available in cities.
    • New Newspaper Age: Faster production enabled new forms of advertising. The cost of entry to new and emerging media platforms was lower.
    • Yellow Journalism: Designed for attention using color and bold headlines.

    The Populist Movement

    • The Wizard of OZ: A Populist allegory, L. Frank Baum and others wanted to explain how society struggled through economic hardship in response to rapid technological changes from new inventions and industrialization
    • The Cross of Gold Speech: A political speech by Williams Jennings in 1896.
    • Election of 1896: McKinley and Bryan- a debate among different ideologies about the future of America.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key aspects of urban society in America during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This quiz covers significant social changes, journalism, consumer behavior, and the implications for various industries. Explore topics from the rise of advocacy journalism to urban living conditions as captured by influential figures.

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