Urban Heat Island Effect Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the most evident characteristic of urban climate?

  • High reflectivity material utilization
  • Energy flow in urban ecological systems
  • Green roof construction
  • Increased land surface temperature (correct)

How can UHI effects be significantly mitigated?

  • Urban landscape optimization
  • High reflectivity material utilization
  • Improvement of energy efficiency (correct)
  • Green roof construction

What do UHI effects influence in urban ecological systems?

  • Material flow and energy flow (correct)
  • Energy metabolism
  • Biological habits
  • Atmospheric environment

What methods have been used for research on the ecological and environmental effects of UHI?

<p>Remote sensing technology and numerical simulation methods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recognized as a measure for significantly mitigating UHI effects?

<p>Energy efficiency improvement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of UHI effect?

<p>Urban construction and human activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do UHI effects alter in urban ecological systems?

<p>Material flow and energy flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tissue thromboplastin in coagulation tests?

<p>It activates the extrinsic coagulation pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can compromise the results of coagulation tests other than PT/INR and PTT/aPTT?

<p>Tissue thromboplastin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a coagulation test other than PT/INR or PTT/aPTT is the first or only tube collected?

<p>A few milliliters of blood should be drawn into a nonadditive tube before the collection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a clear or discard tube in blood collection?

<p>To remove tissue fluid from the needle before sample collection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested action regarding tissue thromboplastin if the draw involves a lot of needle manipulation?

<p>It may compromise results of coagulation tests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a nonadditive tube be used in blood collection for coagulation testing?

<p>When a coagulation test other than PT/INR or PTT/aPTT is the first or only tube collected (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance present in tissue fluid can interfere with coagulation tests by activating the extrinsic coagulation pathway?

<p>Tissue thromboplastin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a coagulation test other than PT/INR or PTT/aPTT is the first or only tube collected?

<p>Use a nonadditive tube for collection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tube is used to remove tissue fluid from the needle and is then thrown away during blood collection for coagulation testing?

<p>Clear or discard tube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may compromise the results of coagulation tests other than PT/INR and PTT/aPTT?

<p>Presence of tissue thromboplastin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can tissue thromboplastin pose a clinically significant problem for coagulation tests?

<p>When the draw involves a lot of needle manipulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of blood collection should a few milliliters of blood be drawn into a nonadditive tube before collecting for coagulation testing?

<p>Routine blood collection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a clear or discard tube in blood collection for coagulation testing?

<p>To remove tissue thromboplastin from the needle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do different Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) types interact with solar energy?

<p>They have unique interactions due to optical properties such as absorption, reflection, and emission of radiometric energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the urban heat island (UHI) effect?

<p>Elevated temperatures in developed areas compared to more rural surroundings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is most evident of urban climate due to the urban heat island effect?

<p>Elevated temperatures in urban areas compared to rural surroundings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are blood culture tubes collected first in the order of draw?

<p>To ensure optimal sterility of the collection site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for special site-cleaning measures prior to blood culture collection?

<p>To prevent contamination of the specimen by skin microorganisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do blood cultures not often factor into the sequence of collection for other tests?

<p>They require separate collection procedures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using sterile blood culture tubes or bottles?

<p>To prevent microbial contamination of the specimen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are blood culture tubes collected first in the order of draw?

<p>To ensure that they are collected when sterility of the site is optimal and to prevent microbial contamination of the needle from the unsterile tops of tubes used to collect other tests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using sterile blood culture tubes or bottles for collection?

<p>To prevent contamination of the specimen by microorganisms that are normally found on the skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may compromise the results of coagulation tests other than PT/INR and PTT/aPTT?

<p>Contamination with tissue fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a nonadditive tube be used in blood collection for coagulation testing?

<p>To remove tissue fluid from the needle before collecting for coagulation testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect

Higher temperatures in urban areas compared to surrounding rural areas.

Cause of UHI

Urban construction and human activities.

UHI effect on material flow

Changes material/energy flow in urban ecosystems.

Mitigating UHI

Improving energy efficiency.

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Tissue thromboplastin

Substance in tissue fluid that triggers blood clotting.

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Coagulation tests

Tests measuring blood clotting time.

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PT/INR

Coagulation test measuring extrinsic pathway.

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PTT/aPTT

Coagulation test measuring intrinsic pathway.

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Nonadditive tube

Tube used for blood collection, not containing additives like anticoagulants.

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Discard tube

Tube used to remove tissue fluid before blood collection.

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Blood cultures

Tests to detect bacteria or fungi in blood.

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Sterile blood culture tubes

Prevent contamination by microorganisms.

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Land Use and Land Cover (LULC)

Different types of land surfaces.

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Radiometric energy

Energy from sunlight reflected and absorbed by surfaces.

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Remote sensing technology

Techniques for gathering data from a distance.

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Numerical simulation methods

Models to predict how systems behave.

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Order of draw

Sequence of blood collection tubes.

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Study Notes

Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect

  • The primary cause of the UHI effect is the urbanization of land surfaces, leading to a characteristic urban climate.
  • The most evident characteristic of urban climate due to the UHI effect is the elevated temperature in urban areas compared to rural areas.
  • UHI effects influence urban ecological systems by altering local microclimates, biodiversity, and ecosystem processes.
  • Methods used for research on the ecological and environmental effects of UHI include field measurements, remote sensing, and modeling.

Mitigating UHI Effects

  • Recognized measures for significantly mitigating UHI effects include increasing vegetation, using cool materials, and improving urban planning and design.

Blood Collection and Coagulation Tests

Coagulation Tests

  • Tissue thromboplastin can interfere with coagulation tests by activating the extrinsic coagulation pathway.
  • Factors that can compromise the results of coagulation tests other than PT/INR and PTT/aPTT include tissue thromboplastin, needle manipulation, and improper tube collection.
  • In cases where a coagulation test other than PT/INR or PTT/aPTT is the first or only tube collected, a nonadditive tube should be used.

Blood Collection Procedures

  • A clear or discard tube is used to remove tissue fluid from the needle and is then thrown away during blood collection for coagulation testing.
  • The primary purpose of using a clear or discard tube is to prevent tissue thromboplastin from interfering with coagulation tests.
  • Blood culture tubes should be collected first in the order of draw to minimize contamination risk.
  • Special site-cleaning measures are necessary prior to blood culture collection to prevent contamination.
  • Sterile blood culture tubes or bottles should be used for collection to prevent contamination.

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