Urban Geography and Planning Concepts

<p>Offshoring allowed for cheaper transit combined with structural adjustment programs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urban development follows spatial patterns reflecting infrastructure and institutional requirements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equality focuses on providing the same resources to everyone, while equity focuses on ensuring everyone has equal outcomes by addressing differing needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The uneven valuing of labor across different geographic locations, exploited by corporations seeking cheaper labor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the drive to amass capital, often by exploiting social relationships between wealthier and poorer classes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whose interests planning should respect, particularly in relation to land rights and sovereignty. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Planning for the public interest. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difficulty in reconciling conflicting interests among diverse groups within the 'public'. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Justice involves addressing the root causes and structures that perpetuate inequality, while equality and equity address symptoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urban areas are continuously evolving and undergoing change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate military control and reduce barricade construction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to the displacement of residents and destruction of neighborhoods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By implementing regulations and policies to improve housing and sanitation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concerns about potential disease outbreaks and social unrest. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It exposed the harsh living conditions in slums, shocking the elites and prompting reform. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The requirement for better airflow and light in tenement buildings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often prioritized aesthetics and social control over genuinely helping the poor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximizing profitability and economic development in the city. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The implementation of advanced sanitation systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The emergence of more cities due to the Scientific Revolution and the rise of modern nation-states. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Philosophies, such as John Locke's, were used to justify the appropriation of Indigenous territories. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wealth accumulation through trade. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proletarianization - turning people into 'free labor' by removing their means of subsistence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drove urbanization by forcing people to seek work in cities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Private enterprise, market exchange, a bank-money system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Housing quality and access to resources varied greatly, with wealthier residents living uphill and upwind from factories. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first wave saw less overall movement of people to cities than the second (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Racist ideologies provided justification to 'settle' the land and establish territorial control. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provided social organization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Miletus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Devastating impacts on enslaved people (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonialism grew and expanded with industry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bourgeois and Proletariat (A), Capitalist and Worker (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Application of traditional ecological knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preservation of Indigenous settlement patterns. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lasting impact on the morphology of settlements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congestion in industrial cities and exploitation of resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conservation of life and economy through land development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Planning commissions had no force in law. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Property owners could seek compensation if their land was negatively affected. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It marked the formal beginning of the planning profession in Canada. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Campaigning for town planning and promoting zoning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traffic planning and road widening. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ceased operations due to lack of funds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing social conditions and proposing social welfare programs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It resulted in a surge in industrial production and full employment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Established an Advisory Committee on Post-War Reconstruction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The broad idea of balancing economic growth with environmental protection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It caused industrial restructuring and plant closures due to the removal of protective tariffs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reductions in government size through downsizing and privatization of public assets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integration of inner-city renewal, suburban retrofitting, and regional infrastructure planning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moderating the growth of greenhouse gases through national and international efforts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Automobile-dependent suburbs contributed to obesity and were difficult environments for the aging population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By recognizing the significant impact of a good physical environment and supportive community on health and well-being. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Divestment of assets like military bases and railway yards to promote private redevelopment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its principles for community design gradually influenced suburban plans, improving planning indicator outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A response to new weather extremes and their impact on urban infrastructure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishing a society based on communal sharing and socialist ideals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Owen prioritized education and child rearing within a communal setting, while Fourier envisioned worker-centered villages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The overcrowded and aesthetically uninspiring conditions of existing cities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beaux Arts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Designing larger and wider streets in place of the original smaller streets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To achieve a balance between town and country, incorporating the best aspects of both. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A planned community within a larger city, organized around a local school and designed to control traffic flow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prioritizing pedestrian traffic by segregating it from vehicular traffic. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A permanent occupation in which colonizers seek sovereign power and establish governing authority on a pre-existing society's territory. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It justified the takeover of Indigenous lands by asserting they were empty and unproductive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The disguising of equity goals as efficiency or economic benefits, leading to a lack of direct focus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surveying facilitated the creation of private property parcels and the distribution of land to settlers and companies, dispossessing Indigenous people. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strong public participation process that actively involves community members. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To divide land into sections for distribution to settlers and railway companies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It formalized the process of treaty negotiations between the British Crown and Indigenous peoples, recognizing Indigenous title. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modernist planning often leads to technocratic superiority and disregards community concerns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It signifies a commitment to sustainable sharing of the land and resources among politically distinct peoples. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Planners should actively work with disadvantaged groups to develop alternative plans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Planning involves the allocation of public resources and arrangements of land uses that create both costs and benefits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Planning has been used as a tool to establish and perpetuate settler colonial power. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equity planning evolved from advocacy planning, incorporating a stronger analytical approach to develop equity policies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It claims a position of technocratic superiority, potentially ignoring community voices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying vulnerable people and geographic areas to address specific equity issues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring future land use changes are transparent to the public. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urban renewal projects often resulted in the destruction of communities and displacement of residents, conflicting with advocacy for disadvantaged groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To foster diversified development in economically disadvantaged regions of Canada. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A shift towards rehabilitation programs like RRAP and NIP, focusing on existing housing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To promote planning ideas and provide a forum for various stakeholders to discuss planning issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The establishment of the 'official plan' to guide municipal development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advocacy planning, emphasizing community input and transparency in planning processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It revitalized the professional network and collaboration among planners, particularly in Ontario. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Planners began to address diverse family structures, immigration, gender differences, and indigenous communities' needs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A widespread belief in scientific analysis and objective judgment to solve planning problems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It began including redevelopment of non-residential areas and rehabilitation of substandard housing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The establishment of the first university planning programs at institutions like McGill, Manitoba and UBC. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A surge in reurbanization, involving the reuse of industrial districts and harbor lands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A shift to focus on economic and social development to create jobs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He was hired to advise the colonial government on planning and founded the Town Planning Institute of Canada. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To make more housing available, repair and modernize existing housing, and promote planning and employment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By providing direct grants and scholarships for half of the graduate students, and publishing academic journals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shifted the planner's role to that of an advocate for under-represented groups, actively promoting their interests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Redistributing resources and power away from local elites and towards disadvantaged residents. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimizing displacement of existing residents during urban renewal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It focused on preserving and rehabilitating existing buildings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Land is held by an organization with a social purpose, such as affordable housing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It still centered on the planner as a 'heroic' figure, potentially limiting community empowerment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a widely supported goal, though not always prioritized in comprehensive plans. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tree equity acknowledges that tree cover and its benefits may be unevenly distributed based on socio-demographic factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seeking to articulate the needs of those whose interests have yet to be represented. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting a wider range of choices for groups of individuals with limited options. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Redistribution of wealth through government-funded social programs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To manage the economy by countering economic cycles and stimulating demand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By implementing mass production techniques and increasing worker wages, enabling greater affordability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As irrational, disorganized, and ugly, deserving of comprehensive redevelopment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clean lines, simple forms, and a machine aesthetic prioritizing function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was too rational and expert-led, neglecting the needs and desires of ordinary people. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By displacing them from their homes and communities to make way for new developments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By advocating for more community involvement and challenging the status quo of urban development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Car-centric design with a hierarchy of roads and segregated land uses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>treating the city as though it doesn't exist and is irredeemable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By undermining the compact between big corporations, big labor, and big government, and creating new focus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By advocating mixed use development and community involvement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zoning that separates different land uses into distinct geographic areas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating an equity strategy with a racial justice focus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Known for its regionalism, integrated land-use, transportation planning and sustainability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The spatial management of territory to organize land use and address community needs.

Inequality refers to the uneven distribution of resources and opportunities in urban environments.

Equality focuses on sameness, while equity ensures equal outcomes by recognizing diverse needs.

Justice aims to fix systems and structures that create inequality and injustice in society.

The concept that planning should reflect the needs and interests of the community at large.

Accumulation describes the drive to gather capital, essential to capitalist systems and their growth.

A theory explaining land use patterns based on the cost of land relative to its distance from the city center.

A global concept where labor's value differs based on location, affecting economic structures.

Undeveloped land targeted for capitalist development.

Abandoned industrial area that may be polluted.

Mass production system by Ford, linking mass production and consumption.

Policies by the IMF and World Bank for economic reform.

Urban growth patterns influenced by existing structures and infrastructure.

The shift from rural to urban living, typically increasing population density in cities.

Economic system that emerged in the early modern era focused on trade and capital accumulation.

A period of advancements in science that shifted society's understanding from religion to empirical reasoning.

The concept that government and religion should be distinct entities.

The political-economic process of exploring, conquering, and exploiting territories, particularly by European nations.

A devastating trade network transporting enslaved people mainly from Africa to the Americas, enriching traders.

An economic system that arose during the industrial revolution, focusing on mass production and urbanization.

The process of transforming individuals into wage laborers, often by removing their means of subsistence.

Privatization of common lands that forced people to seek urban employment, driving urbanization.

The design and regulation of land use in urban settings to address community needs.

The condition where too many people live in too small an area, often leading to poor living conditions.

Urban centers that developed during the Industrial Revolution characterized by factories and poor living conditions.

The second wave of urbanization post-1950 characterized by significant population growth in the Global South.

A city planning method where streets are laid out in a grid pattern for organized development.

A system of government where power lies with the people, moving away from monarchies to collective decision-making.

The transformation of Paris under Haussmann's leadership, creating wider boulevards and a more organized city layout.

A movement focused on improving health, sanitation, and housing conditions in industrial cities.

A social reformer known for his book 'How the Other Half Lives,' exposing the conditions of slums in New York.

Legislation aimed at improving living conditions in tenements by mandating better airflow and light.

Reports by officials like Charles Hastings addressing housing issues in urban centers.

The driving forces behind urban reform included philanthropy and fear of disease or revolution.

The difficult living conditions faced by the low-income population in industrial cities.

The use of urban planning reforms to manage and control populations within cities.

The foundational approaches used in town planning before official methodologies were established, including Indigenous planning, colonial settlement, and urban reforms.

The original inhabitants of Canada who cultivated agriculture and created sustainable practices linked to ecological knowledge.

Planning focused on exploration, defense, and food production by European settlers, often disregarding Indigenous patterns.

A Canadian initiative aimed at managing the country’s natural resources and addressing urban issues from 1909 to 1921.

Founded in 1919 to promote the profession of town planning in Canada, structured based on a British model.

A regulatory tool used in town planning that divides land into categories for specific uses to manage growth and development.

A branch of urban planning focused on managing the flow and infrastructure for vehicles and pedestrians.

The period during the 1930s when planning halted due to economic decline, resulting in stagnant urban development.

Programs proposed during the Depression to improve living conditions, including housing support and insurance.

Plans created after WWII aimed at improving housing, education, and infrastructure for returning veterans and the public.

Construction initiatives undertaken during economic hardship to provide jobs and improve public services, such as roads and parks.

An urban planning approach aiming to create aesthetically pleasing cities to promote civic pride and improve social conditions.

Official recognition granted to the Town Planning Institute in 1923, expanding its membership and authority.

A movement recognizing the role of environment and community in health, initiated by Leonard Duhl.

A policy change focusing on environmental protection alongside economic growth, established in Canada in 1987.

A measure of human demand on the Earth's ecosystems, promoting sustainable practices.

An ideology prioritizing market-driven policies and reduced government intervention in the economy.

A treaty signed in 1994 to encourage trade across North America, impacting Canadian economy.

A planning movement focusing on walkable neighborhoods and community-centered design.

An approach to urban planning aiming for sustainable, efficient infrastructure and land use.

Legal claims by Indigenous peoples over land, often requiring large-scale environmental plans.

Urban planning efforts addressing climate change and enhancing resilience against disasters.

Studies show how community designs affect public health, linking urban planning to health outcomes.

Small-scale societies based on communal sharing and socialist ideas.

French philosopher who promoted the concept of phalanx communities.

Founder of utopian socialism who established New Lanark for communal living.

A self-sustaining town surrounded by greenbelt, connected by rail.

Introduced the Neighbourhood Unit Concept in urban planning.

Architecture used to express power in authoritarian regimes.

Urban planner known for the 1909 Chicago Plan.

Co-founder of the American Regional Planning Association and proponent of Radburn plan.

Colonial practice where settlers establish control over land and people.

Legal concept that land is deemed empty and available for colonization.

Survey process dividing land for settlers, impacting Indigenous claims.

Traditional practices focusing on sustainable land use and reciprocity.

Movement aimed at improving the population by controlling reproduction.

An urban design that segregates traffic from pedestrian pathways.

Legislation that encourages housing development, repairs, and employment initiatives.

Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, established to implement housing policies.

Founded in 1946 to promote planning ideas and facilitate discussions among stakeholders.

Revitalization efforts to improve urban areas, often replacing the old with new developments.

An approach to planning that emphasizes public participation and community voice.

A social movement advocating for environmental protection and sustainability measures.

Community-based housing initiatives aimed at providing members secure living arrangements.

The process where urban areas are renovated, often displacing lower-income residents.

Legislation that governs land use planning and development in a given area.

Planning that addresses the needs and development of larger urban regions.

Non-profits that provide technical assistance for local development efforts.

Government branch focused on promoting development in economically struggling regions.

Shift in planning towards using quantitative data for decision-making.

Comprehensive planning strategies that aim to include diverse community views and alternatives.

Planning that promotes fairness by redistributing power and resources to disadvantaged populations.

An organization that holds land to provide affordable housing and other community benefits.

A 1971 community plan that prioritized minimizing displacement during urban renewal.

A key figure leading resistance against housing displacement in Cooper Square, NYC.

Ensuring equitable distribution of trees and green spaces, benefiting socio-demographic groups equally.

Planning that enhances public transportation access for lower-income communities.

Modern planning aims to expand choice and opportunities, focusing on racial and economic equality.

A 2009 strategic plan to articulate equity in urban planning.

Development that ensures no displacement of vulnerable communities.

An approach criticized for ignoring social inequities.

Engagement strategies that enhance community involvement in planning.

Specific objectives in planning that address fairness and distribution.

Analysis that includes factors like race and income in planning.

Strategies to protect vulnerable communities from being displaced.

The process of allocating resources through land use planning.

Factors that influence individual and community health beyond medical care.

A post-WW2 planning approach focused on rationality and expert-led development.

Economic theory advocating for government intervention to manage the economy through spending and saving.

Economic and political theory emphasizing social redistribution and support through government programs.

A government system that provides social programs like healthcare and pensions funded by taxes.

An approach to planning that includes all aspects of city life in a singular plan.

A planning approach where decisions are made by experts rather than involving community input.

An urban activist and author who critiqued modernist planning and advocated for preserving cities' character.

An influential design school known for its modernist architecture emphasizing functionalism.

The movement of populations from urban areas to residential suburbs, creating car-centric communities.

An urban renewal practice of removing poor housing areas to redevelop them, often displacing residents.

Transition in economic systems or policies influenced by social movements and cultural changes.