UPSC CSE Overview and Tughluq Dynasty

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Questions and Answers

What was one significant reason for Muhammad bin Tughluq's decision to shift his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad?

To avoid Mongol invasions (correct)

To establish a cultural center in the Deccan

To enhance trade opportunities with the south

To reduce travel time for his subjects

Which statement best describes the reaction of the people of Delhi to the relocation order to Daulatabad?

They were hesitant and faced struggles during the journey (correct)

They organized a mass migration voluntarily

They eagerly agreed to the relocation

They protested against the Sultan's decision successfully

What did Muhammad bin Tughluq's Khorasan Expedition fail to consider?

The cultural implications of conquest

The support of Indian nobles

The instability of his rule in India (correct)

The financial costs of military mobilization

What was a notable criticism of the Daulatabad capital as noted by historians?

It was a monument of mis-directed energy Signup and view all the answers

How did Muhammad bin Tughluq's efforts to establish Daulatabad impact the local populace during the journey?

Many people suffered and died due to hardships Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Ibn-Batuta's view of Muhammad bin Tughluq?

He viewed him as an idealist with ambitious plans Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Khurasani nobles play in Muhammad bin Tughluq's Khorasan Expedition?

They assisted him at their own benefit Signup and view all the answers

What infrastructure development did Muhammad bin Tughluq implement to support the relocation to Daulatabad?

A broad road for easier travel Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the actions taken by Firoz Shah Tughlaq regarding tax policies?

He abolished the Chungi/Ocroi tax. Signup and view all the answers

Which irrigation initiative is attributed to Firoz Shah Tughlaq?

First Sultan to impose the 'Hakk-i-Sharb' (irrigation tax). Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant cultural contributions of Firoz Shah Tughlaq?

He founded the city of Fatehabad. Signup and view all the answers

What role did the 'Diwan-i-Khairat' serve during Firoz Shah Tughlaq's reign?

Department for charity to care for orphans and widows. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following coins were introduced by Firoz Shah Tughlaq?

Adha and Bith. Signup and view all the answers

How did Firoz Shah Tughlaq's tax policies differ for agricultural produce?

He imposed a tax of 10% on produce as Kharaj. Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable architectural contribution during the reign of Firoz Shah Tughlaq?

Repair of Qutub Minar. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the royal factories, or 'Karkhanas', during Firoz Shah Tughlaq's reign?

They employed thousands of slaves under organized supervision. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the major financial measures taken by Muhammad bin Tughluq during his reign?

Increase of land revenue by 10 to 20 times Signup and view all the answers

What was the reaction of the peasantry to the increased taxes imposed by the Sultan?

They left their homes and migrated Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the 'Diwan-i-Kohi' department created by the Sultan?

To increase agricultural productivity Signup and view all the answers

What did Muhammad bin Tughluq attempt to introduce as a monetary reform during his reign?

Token currency in copper coins Signup and view all the answers

What led to the failure of the agricultural reforms implemented by Muhammad bin Tughluq?

The selected land was non-fertile Signup and view all the answers

What was the rationale behind the Qarachil expedition launched by Muhammad bin Tughluq?

To counter Chinese incursions Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the token currency introduced by Muhammad bin Tughluq after it was deemed problematic?

It was redeemed in gold and silver Signup and view all the answers

What historical impact did the economic measures during Muhammad bin Tughluq's time have on the society?

Significant migration due to famine and taxes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

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About Alok Ojha

Engineering degree from Pune University
7 years experience in UPSC field
Experience with UPSC CSE Exam and CDS Exam
Appeared for SSB twice and UPPSC
5 years experience in teaching for UPSC Exams.

Tughluq Dynasty

Dynasty period: 1320-1414 A.D
Founders: Ghiyasuddin Tughluq / Ghazi Malik
Succession: Ghiyasuddin Tughluq -> Juna Khan / Muhammad bin Tughluq -> Firoz Shah Tughluq -> Muhammad Khan -> Ghiyasuddin Tughluq II -> Abu Bakr Shah -> Nasiruddin Muhammad -> Daulat Khan

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Tughluq Dynasty (Ghiyasuddin Tughluq) - Key Policies, Actions and Consequences

Domestic Policies: Eliminated Khusrau Shah's supporters, conducted inquiries on unlawful grants made by previous rulers, received returns from money acquired through Khusrau Shah, but refused to return money received as charity, paid officers well to reduce corruption/embezzlement.
Domestic Policies & Actions: Brought more land under cultivation, excavated canals for irrigation, established a postal system.
Foreign Policies: Sent son, Juna Khan to subdue Pratap Rudr Deva II of Warangal (Telangana), divided Warangal into districts and named it Sultanpur. Attempted to take control of Orissa & captured 50 elephants. War of succession among 3 sons of Shamsuddin Firuz Shah. Ghiyasuddin, Shihabuddin and Nasiruddin.
Death: Received information about his son, Juna Khan, becoming more powerful. His son and disciples formed a powerful party.
Miscellaneous: Returned to Delhi from Bengal, a wooden pavilion constructed for a meeting with his father. Referred by historians as "Quranuah Turks".

Tughluq Dynasty (Muhammad bin Tughluq) - Key Policies, Actions and Consequences

5 Experiments: Transferred Capital from Delhi to Daulatabad. Khorasan Expedition. Increased Taxes in Doab. Introduction of Token Currency. Qarachil Expedition.
Transfer of Capital-Delhi to Daulatabad: Daulatabad was strategic & safe from invasions, but the journey from Delhi was long complicated with lack of water leading to hardship and death for many. Regular postal service set up.
Khorasan Expedition: Invasion of Khorasan and Iraq due to regional turmoil. Mobilized 370,000 troops, paid for a year, however, the invasion failed due to difficulties in transport and opposition locally.
Increased Taxes in Doab: Increased land revenue by 10-20 times, led to peasantry migrating away, and was abandoned due to famine and plague. New department of agriculture created, Diwan-i-Kohi.
Introduction of Token Currency(Copper Coins) : Experiment with copper coins for trade & transaction instead of gold and silver. However, the coins easily duplicated making it worthless.
Qarachil Expedition: Expedition deployed by Muhammad bin Tughluq in Kumaon hills of Himalayas to deal with revolts, however failed due to difficult geographic transport and heavy rainfall.
Revolts: Led expeditions against Nagarkot, Bengal, Oudh, and others
Foundation of Vijaynagara Empire: Harihara, an enterprising Hindu leader, founded the kingdom.
Malwa and Dhar: Azir Khummar was an objectional governor for Malwa and Dhar causing revolts
Sagar and Sindh: Bahaadin Gurchap rebelled in Sagar, armies led to the defeat and death of rebels
Deogiri and Gujarat: Rebellion in Deogiri and Gujarat was brought under control. Leaders were deposed
Bahamani Ruler: Besieged Fort of Deogiri, defeated Imad-ul-Mulk, and established the Bahamani kingdom.

Tughluq Dynasty (Firoz Shah Tughluq) - Key Policies, Actions and Consequences

Introduction: Son of Rajab, Younger brother of Ghiyasuddin Tughluq, confusion and chaos after Muhammad-bin-Tughluq death
Succession: Hesitated to assume the throne but later became Sultan at a camp near Thatta, Khwaja-i-Jahan attempted to make a different proclamation.
Issues (Bengal, Jaijnagar, Nagarkot, and Sindh): Faced problems of preventing disintegration of Delhi Sultanate, campaigns attempts to regain control of these regions resulted in failure.
Miscellaneous: Ported land of various areas, set up a new department of charity, free hospitals and created marriage bureaus for the poor.

Other Information

Additional details about the Tughluq Dynasty, including their reign length, important figures, and the overall impact on the region.

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