Upper Respiratory Tract Surgery in Small Animals

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What is the noise made by a reversion of a soft palate on inspiration commonly herd in brachycephalics?

Stridor

Stertor (correct)

Wheezing

Reverse sneezing

Which of the following is a laryngeal obstruction that causes a loud high-pitched wheeze during inspiration?

Reverse sneeze

Wheezing

Stridor (correct)

Stertor

What does the BOAS grading system aim to assess in dogs?

Cardiovascular health

Joint health

Kidney function

Breathing difficulties related to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (correct)

What causes the laryngeal saccules to avert and block the epiglottic aperture as a part of BOAS?

Increased airway resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered a primary factor contributing to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome?

Everted laryngeal ventricles/saccules Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature may cause a loud high-pitched wheeze at inspiration due to airflow changes?

Pharyngeal collapse Signup and view all the answers

'Sliding hiatal hernia' is classified under which type of factor contributing to BOAS?

Primary factor Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical system was intended for breeders to assess whether dogs should undergo surgery for BOAS?

Cambridge BOAS grading system Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary issue seen in brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS)?

Tracheal hypoplasia Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is sucked down into the aperture of the epiglottis causing stridor in dogs with tracheal hypoplasia?

Soft palate Signup and view all the answers

What is a common surgical procedure performed to prevent obstruction or strictures of the epiglottic aperture in dogs with averted laryngeal saccules?

Sacculectomy Signup and view all the answers

What technique involves removing the alar fold internally to open up the nostrils in dogs with external nasal aperture stenosis?

Alar fold resection Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical procedure involves shortening the soft palate by cutting back the excess length and sewing it back together?

Partial staphylectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is commonly removed along with other airway surgeries due to hypertrophy and restriction of the larynx and epiglottic aperture?

Tonsils Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom commonly associated with idiopathic acquired laryngeal paralysis?

Stridor Signup and view all the answers

What technique involves unfolding part of the soft palate, trimming muscle, shortening it, and then restitching it back together?

Folded flap palatoplasty Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign seen when cats are obligate nasal breathers and experience severe respiratory distress?

Mouth breathing Signup and view all the answers

What breed of dogs is most commonly affected by idiopathic acquired laryngeal paralysis?

Labradors Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of breathing are the arytenoid cartilages expected to be abducted?

Inspiration Signup and view all the answers

What is considered an emergency medical management step for laryngeal paralysis?

Tracheostomy tube placement Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical sign of tracheal collapse in dogs?

Change in bark sound Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication post-operatively after arytenoid lateralization surgery?

Seroma formation Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of tracheal collapse?

Honking cough Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve dysfunction is associated with the etiology of laryngeal paralysis?

Recurrent laryngeal nerves dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action taken in emergency medical management for laryngeal paralysis in a canine patient?

Cooling down the dog Signup and view all the answers

Which breed is NOT typically associated with idiopathic acquired laryngeal paralysis?

German Shepherds Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epiglottic cartilage in dogs post-epiglottic lateralization surgery?

Prevents aspiration during swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the surgical methods to correct severely affected tracheal collapse?

Placing rings into the trachea directly Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique is commonly used to assist in placing a stent for tracheal collapse?

Radiography Signup and view all the answers

What is a common presenting sign in dogs with nasal disease?

Chronic rhinitis Signup and view all the answers

Which breed of dogs is mainly seen to have sinonasal aspergillosis?

Long-nosed breeds Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic clinical sign of fungal rhinitis in dogs?

Facial deformity Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred choice for topical therapy in treating fungal rhinitis?

Topical treatment of enilconazole and clotrimazole Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of using oral antifungal agents like enilconazole and clotrimazole?

Anorexia and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is crucial for confirming fungal rhinitis in dogs?

Rhinoscopy and guided biopsy Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific surgical technique that involves unfolding part of the soft palate, trimming muscle, shortening it, and then restitching it back together?

Staphylectomy Signup and view all the answers

Which specific clinical sign might be seen in cats who are obligate nasal breathers and experience severe respiratory distress?

Open-mouth breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific noise made by a reversion of the soft palate on inspiration commonly heard in brachycephalic dogs?

Stertor Signup and view all the answers

What surgical procedure is done to prevent obstruction or strictures of the epiglottic aperture in dogs with averted laryngeal saccules?

Sacculectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical method to correct external nasal aperture stenosis?

Rhinoplasty Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the technique that involves cutting back the soft palate, trimming muscle, shortening it, and then restitching it back together?

Folded flap palatoplasty Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition where there is narrowing of the nasal passages and is associated with BOAS in dogs?

External nasal aperture stenosis Signup and view all the answers

Describe the surgical management technique used for laryngeal paralysis?

Arytenoid lateralisation (tieback) involves tying back one arytenoid cartilage to alleviate tracheal collapse. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern post-operatively after arytenoid lateralisation surgery for laryngeal paralysis?

Aspiration pneumonia is a major concern post-operatively after arytenoid lateralisation surgery. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical emergency medical management step for laryngeal paralysis in canines?

Emergency medical management for laryngeal paralysis includes rest, supplemental oxygen, cooling, sedation, IV corticosteroids, and potentially placing a tracheostomy tube. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two surgical methods to correct severely affected tracheal collapse?

Open ring prosthesis and Endoluminal stent Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in treating fungal rhinitis?

Difficult to diagnose the underlying cause Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical signs of Fungal Rhinitis in dogs?

Nasal discharge, ulceration or depigmentation of nasal planum, pain on palpation, sneezing, facial deformity, neurological signs Signup and view all the answers

What are the diagnostic tests for fungal rhinitis in dogs?

Blood tests, diagnostic imaging, rhinoscopy, cytology, serology Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred choice for topical therapy in treating fungal rhinitis in dogs?

Flushing of enilconazole and clotrimazole Signup and view all the answers