Upper Respiratory Tract Surgery in Small Animals
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Questions and Answers

What is the noise made by a reversion of a soft palate on inspiration commonly herd in brachycephalics?

  • Stridor
  • Stertor (correct)
  • Wheezing
  • Reverse sneezing

Which of the following is a laryngeal obstruction that causes a loud high-pitched wheeze during inspiration?

  • Reverse sneeze
  • Wheezing
  • Stridor (correct)
  • Stertor

What does the BOAS grading system aim to assess in dogs?

  • Cardiovascular health
  • Joint health
  • Kidney function
  • Breathing difficulties related to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (correct)

What causes the laryngeal saccules to avert and block the epiglottic aperture as a part of BOAS?

<p>Increased airway resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered a primary factor contributing to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome?

<p>Everted laryngeal ventricles/saccules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature may cause a loud high-pitched wheeze at inspiration due to airflow changes?

<p>Pharyngeal collapse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Sliding hiatal hernia' is classified under which type of factor contributing to BOAS?

<p>Primary factor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical system was intended for breeders to assess whether dogs should undergo surgery for BOAS?

<p>Cambridge BOAS grading system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary issue seen in brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS)?

<p>Tracheal hypoplasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is sucked down into the aperture of the epiglottis causing stridor in dogs with tracheal hypoplasia?

<p>Soft palate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common surgical procedure performed to prevent obstruction or strictures of the epiglottic aperture in dogs with averted laryngeal saccules?

<p>Sacculectomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique involves removing the alar fold internally to open up the nostrils in dogs with external nasal aperture stenosis?

<p>Alar fold resection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical procedure involves shortening the soft palate by cutting back the excess length and sewing it back together?

<p>Partial staphylectomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is commonly removed along with other airway surgeries due to hypertrophy and restriction of the larynx and epiglottic aperture?

<p>Tonsils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom commonly associated with idiopathic acquired laryngeal paralysis?

<p>Stridor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique involves unfolding part of the soft palate, trimming muscle, shortening it, and then restitching it back together?

<p>Folded flap palatoplasty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign seen when cats are obligate nasal breathers and experience severe respiratory distress?

<p>Mouth breathing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What breed of dogs is most commonly affected by idiopathic acquired laryngeal paralysis?

<p>Labradors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of breathing are the arytenoid cartilages expected to be abducted?

<p>Inspiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered an emergency medical management step for laryngeal paralysis?

<p>Tracheostomy tube placement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical sign of tracheal collapse in dogs?

<p>Change in bark sound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication post-operatively after arytenoid lateralization surgery?

<p>Seroma formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of tracheal collapse?

<p>Honking cough (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve dysfunction is associated with the etiology of laryngeal paralysis?

<p>Recurrent laryngeal nerves dysfunction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action taken in emergency medical management for laryngeal paralysis in a canine patient?

<p>Cooling down the dog (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which breed is NOT typically associated with idiopathic acquired laryngeal paralysis?

<p>German Shepherds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epiglottic cartilage in dogs post-epiglottic lateralization surgery?

<p>Prevents aspiration during swallowing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the surgical methods to correct severely affected tracheal collapse?

<p>Placing rings into the trachea directly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique is commonly used to assist in placing a stent for tracheal collapse?

<p>Radiography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common presenting sign in dogs with nasal disease?

<p>Chronic rhinitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which breed of dogs is mainly seen to have sinonasal aspergillosis?

<p>Long-nosed breeds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic clinical sign of fungal rhinitis in dogs?

<p>Facial deformity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred choice for topical therapy in treating fungal rhinitis?

<p>Topical treatment of enilconazole and clotrimazole (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of using oral antifungal agents like enilconazole and clotrimazole?

<p>Anorexia and vomiting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is crucial for confirming fungal rhinitis in dogs?

<p>Rhinoscopy and guided biopsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific surgical technique that involves unfolding part of the soft palate, trimming muscle, shortening it, and then restitching it back together?

<p>Staphylectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specific clinical sign might be seen in cats who are obligate nasal breathers and experience severe respiratory distress?

<p>Open-mouth breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific noise made by a reversion of the soft palate on inspiration commonly heard in brachycephalic dogs?

<p>Stertor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surgical procedure is done to prevent obstruction or strictures of the epiglottic aperture in dogs with averted laryngeal saccules?

<p>Sacculectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical method to correct external nasal aperture stenosis?

<p>Rhinoplasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the technique that involves cutting back the soft palate, trimming muscle, shortening it, and then restitching it back together?

<p>Folded flap palatoplasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition where there is narrowing of the nasal passages and is associated with BOAS in dogs?

<p>External nasal aperture stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the surgical management technique used for laryngeal paralysis?

<p>Arytenoid lateralisation (tieback) involves tying back one arytenoid cartilage to alleviate tracheal collapse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern post-operatively after arytenoid lateralisation surgery for laryngeal paralysis?

<p>Aspiration pneumonia is a major concern post-operatively after arytenoid lateralisation surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical emergency medical management step for laryngeal paralysis in canines?

<p>Emergency medical management for laryngeal paralysis includes rest, supplemental oxygen, cooling, sedation, IV corticosteroids, and potentially placing a tracheostomy tube.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two surgical methods to correct severely affected tracheal collapse?

<p>Open ring prosthesis and Endoluminal stent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in treating fungal rhinitis?

<p>Difficult to diagnose the underlying cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical signs of Fungal Rhinitis in dogs?

<p>Nasal discharge, ulceration or depigmentation of nasal planum, pain on palpation, sneezing, facial deformity, neurological signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the diagnostic tests for fungal rhinitis in dogs?

<p>Blood tests, diagnostic imaging, rhinoscopy, cytology, serology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred choice for topical therapy in treating fungal rhinitis in dogs?

<p>Flushing of enilconazole and clotrimazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

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