Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Sinusitis & Pharyngitis
81 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a common bacterial cause of sinusitis?

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (correct)
  • Escherichia coli
  • Staphylococcus aureus

What is the most frequent cause of pharyngitis?

  • Fungi
  • Viruses (correct)
  • Bacteria
  • Parasites

Which of the following is a typical symptom of acute bronchitis?

  • Sudden vision loss
  • Cough with mucus production (correct)
  • Severe abdominal pain
  • Joint pain

What is the primary approach to diagnosing sinusitis?

<p>Clinical evaluation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of pharyngitis?

<p>Throat pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual treatment approach for acute bronchitis?

<p>Supportive care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria is a critical cause of bacterial pharyngitis?

<p>Streptococcus pyogenes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy helps reduce overprescription of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections?

<p>Improving diagnostic accuracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common viral cause of pharyngitis?

<p>Adenovirus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a typical symptom of sinusitis?

<p>Facial pain and pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of acute bronchitis?

<p>A viral infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is commonly used to diagnose pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus?

<p>Rapid antigen detection test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common treatment for acute bronchitis?

<p>Rest and hydration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adjunctive therapies is suggested for sinusitis?

<p>Intranasal saline irrigation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general recommendation for patients who do not respond to empiric antibiotics for sinusitis after 3-5 days?

<p>Switch to an alternate antibiotic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the guidelines, which medication is suggested for acute bacterial sinusitis?

<p>Amoxicillin with or without clavulanate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding is MOST suggestive of a bacterial cause of sinusitis?

<p>Purulent nasal discharge for 5 days with a fever of 39.1°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What duration of amoxicillin with or without clavulanate is advised for bacterial sinusitis?

<p>5-10 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of acute rhinosinusitis?

<p>Less than 4 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adults in the US are affected by sinusitis annually?

<p>Approximately 14% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical manifestation of sinusitis involves a reduced sense of smell?

<p>Hyposmia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of acute rhinosinusitis?

<p>Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the nasal passage and paranasal sinuses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides signs and symptoms, which diagnostic method is used for sinusitis?

<p>Sinus aspiration and culture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key aspect in the diagnosis of pharyngitis?

<p>Testing for specific bacterial or viral causes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which manifestation is associated with sinusitis?

<p>Ear pain or fullness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main focus when treating sinusitis?

<p>Reducing the inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in differentiating between bacterial and viral causes of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs)?

<p>Specific signs and symptoms and lab tests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of sinusitis?

<p>Purulent nasal discharge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common diagnostic criterion for sinusitis?

<p>Compatible signs and symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus when managing acute bronchitis?

<p>Clearing the lungs and airways. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area is affected by pharyngitis?

<p>The throat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides clinical assessment, what other diagnostic tool is mentioned for sinusitis?

<p>Imaging studies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sinusitis is among the top diagnoses responsible for prescribing which treatment?

<p>Antibiotic therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'etiology' refer to in the context of upper respiratory tract infections?

<p>The causes or origins of the diseas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiating between bacterial and viral causes is MOST important for which reason?

<p>To select the correct treatment approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is specifically addressed in the provided content?

<p>Sinusitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The content emphasizes strategies for reducing the overuse of what medication in treating URTIs?

<p>Antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a focus of the information provided about sinusitis, pharyngitis, and acute bronchitis?

<p>Microbiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding the prescription of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs)?

<p>Antibiotic overuse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an adjunctive therapy suggested for sinusitis?

<p>Intranasal saline irrigation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient's sinusitis symptoms worsen after 48-72 hours of treatment, what should be considered?

<p>Switching to an alternate antibiotic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to clinical practice guidelines, what is a suggested medication for acute bacterial sinusitis?

<p>Amoxicillin with or without clavulanate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What duration is advised for amoxicillin with or without clavulanate for bacterial sinusitis?

<p>5-10 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios is MOST suggestive of a bacterial cause of sinusitis?

<p>5 days of purulent colored mucus drainage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area is primarily affected in acute rhinosinusitis?

<p>Nasal passage and paranasal sinuses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'etiology' refer to?

<p>Study of the causes of disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the guidelines regarding upper respiratory tract infections?

<p>Reducing inappropriate antibiotic use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key element in managing upper respiratory infections?

<p>Differentiating between bacterial and viral causes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding antibiotic prescriptions for URTIs?

<p>Contributing to antibiotic resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following outlines the topics covered?

<p>Acute sinusitis, bacterial pharyngitis, and bronchitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal when addressing upper respiratory tract infections?

<p>To differentiate between viral and bacterial causes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many adults in the US are affected by sinusitis each year?

<p>1 in 7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common nasal symptom of sinusitis?

<p>Purulent nasal discharge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these symptoms related to the face is associated with sinusitis?

<p>Facial pain or pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hyposmia?

<p>Reduced sense of smell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides nasal and facial symptoms, which additional symptom may indicate sinusitis?

<p>Dental pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What other symptom, besides the ones related to the nose and face, is indicative of sinusitis?

<p>Halitosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In diagnosing sinusitis, what is the first step?

<p>Compatible Signs and Symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After considering the signs and symptoms, what else is important to consider when diagnosing sinusitis?

<p>Bacterial vs. viral cause (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of symptoms for acute bronchitis?

<p>2-3 weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common name for acute bronchitis?

<p>Chest cold (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of acute bronchitis?

<p>Persistent cough (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of acute bronchitis cases are estimated to be caused by bacteria?

<p>1-10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is NOT listed as a common cause of acute bronchitis?

<p>Epstein-Barr virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is a common cause of upper respiratory infections?

<p>Rhinovirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How frequently is laboratory testing indicated for acute bronchitis?

<p>Infrequently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the state of white blood cell count in acute bronchitis?

<p>Infrequent Leukocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of acute rhinosinusitis cases are typically caused by viral infections?

<p>90-98% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a bacterial species often associated with acute bacterial sinusitis?

<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is indicative of 'worsening' acute rhinosinusitis?

<p>New onset of fever after initial improvement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of 'persistent' acute rhinosinusitis based on symptom duration?

<p>Symptoms lasting more than 10 days with no improvement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom suggestive of 'severe' acute rhinosinusitis?

<p>High fever and purulent nasal discharge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides Streptococcus pneumoniae, which other bacteria is frequently involved in acute bacterial sinusitis?

<p>Haemophilus influenzae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is a key factor in decisions about treating upper respiratory infections?

<p>High rate of spontaneous recovery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common recommendation for managing symptoms of acute bronchitis?

<p>Rest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following findings is MOST suggestive of pneumonia?

<p>Tachypnea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk associated with overprescribing antibiotics?

<p>Antimicrobial resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which over-the-counter medication is commonly recommended for symptomatic relief of acute bronchitis?

<p>Ibuprofen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy can help reduce inappropriate antibiotic use for respiratory infections?

<p>Recommending rest and fluids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should patients understand regarding antibiotics and viral infections?

<p>Antibiotics have no effect on viruses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides fluids and rest, which of the following self-care methods is often recommended for managing acute bronchitis symptoms?

<p>Using a humidifier (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI)

Infection of the nose, throat, or sinuses.

Sinusitis

Inflammation of the sinus cavities.

Sinusitis Common Bacteria

Common bacterial causes of sinusitis include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.

Pharyngitis

Inflammation of the pharynx, causing a sore throat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Streptococcus pyogenes

A key bacterial cause of pharyngitis

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute Bronchitis Microbes

Viruses are a usual cause, but bacteria like Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Chlamydophila pneumoniae can be responsible

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antibiotic Stewardship

Reducing unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions to combat resistance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

URTI: Bacterial vs. Viral

Bacteria: single-celled, reproduce independently. Viruses: need a host to replicate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

URTI Inflammations

Sinusitis: inflammation of sinuses. Pharyngitis: inflammation of the pharynx (sore throat). Acute Bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchial tubes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

URTI Transmission

Spread through respiratory droplets (coughing, sneezing).

Signup and view all the flashcards

URTI Symptoms

Sinusitis: facial pain, congestion. Pharyngitis: sore throat, fever. Acute Bronchitis: cough, chest discomfort.

Signup and view all the flashcards

URTI Antibiotic Overuse

Widespread antibiotic use for viral infections. Strategies include: delayed prescriptions and patient education on when antibiotics are needed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intranasal Saline Irrigation

Using saline to rinse nasal passages.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intranasal Corticosteroids

Medications applied directly in the nose to reduce inflammation, useful in allergic rhinitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nonresponsive Sinusitis Patients

Switch to a different antibiotic if symptoms worsen after 48-72 hours or fail to improve after 3-5 days.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinusitis Treatment Guidelines

Adult acute bacterial sinusitis treatment guidelines often suggest amoxicillin with or without clavulanate for 5-10 days.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bacterial Sinusitis Indicators

Purulent, colored mucus drainage alongside fever highly suggests a bacterial etiology.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute Rhinosinusitis

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the nasal passage and paranasal sinuses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute Rhinosinusitis Duration

Rhinosinusitis lasting less than 4 weeks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Differentiate URTI Etiologies

To tell the difference in cause of infection, either bacterial or viral.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Describe URTI Details

To know the bacteria, how it spreads, symptoms, diagnosis, and the treatment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reduce Antibiotic Overuse

Reducing the use of antimicrobials.

Signup and view all the flashcards

IDSA Sinusitis Guidelines

Guidelines for acute bacterial sinusitis in children and adults.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Clinical Practice Guidelines

This helps guide diagnosis and treatment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;152(2)

Adult Sinusitis: Clinical Practice Guideline Update

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinusitis Prevalence

Inflammation of the sinus cavities affecting about 1 in 7 US adults yearly.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinusitis Nasal Symptoms

Nasal congestion or obstruction, purulent nasal discharge.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinusitis Facial Symptoms

Facial pain, pressure, or fullness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinusitis and Hyposmia/Anosmia

Reduced ability to smell or complete loss of smell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinusitis Ear Symptoms

Ear pain, pressure, or fullness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinusitis and Halitosis

Bad breath.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinusitis Diagnosis Tools

Signs and symptoms, imaging studies, and sinus aspiration/culture.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinusitis: Bacterial vs. Viral

Distinguishing between a bacterial and viral cause of sinusitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are bacteria?

Germs that are single-celled organisms that can reproduce on their own.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are viruses?

These require a host to replicate and are not treatable with antibiotics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why differentiate between bacterial and viral etiologies?

This is important for URTIs because bacterial and viral infections require different treatments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is antibiotic overuse?

Overprescribing of antibiotics, especially for viral URTIs, leading to antibiotic resistance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use?

Strategies include delayed prescriptions, patient education, and promoting watchful waiting.

Signup and view all the flashcards

URTI Etiology

The cause of an upper respiratory tract infection

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bacterial Sinusitis

Bacterial infection typically presents with purulent nasal discharge, facial pain, and fever

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rhinosinusitis

Inflammation of nasal passages and paranasal sinuses

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute Duration

Less than 4 weeks in duration

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute Rhinosinusitis Definition

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the nasal passage and paranasal sinuses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Acute Rhinosinusitis?

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the nasal passage and paranasal sinuses that lasts less than 4 weeks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Define Acute Rhinosinusitis

Inflammation of the mucosal lining of the nasal passage and paranasal sinuses lasting less than 4 weeks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

When to Consider Alternate Antibiotics

If symptoms worsen after 48-72 hours, or no improvement after 3-5 days of antibiotics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reasons for Antibiotic Treatment Failure

Resistant pathogens, noninfectious etiologies (e.g., allergies), structural abnormalities, or other reasons why treatment failed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bacterial Sinusitis Clue

Purulent (pus-filled), colored mucus drainage, especially if accompanied by a fever.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Viral URTI

Infection caused by viruses, accounting for 2-10% of cases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Common URTI Viruses

Common viruses causing URTIs include Rhinoviruses, Coronaviruses, Influenza viruses, and Adenoviruses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Persistent URTI

Onset with persistent symptoms or signs, lasting ≥ 10 days without improvement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Severe URTI

Onset of severe symptoms or high fever (≥ 39°C) and purulent nasal discharge or facial pain lasting ≥ 3-4 days.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Worsening URTI

Onset of worsening symptoms including new onset fever, headache, increased discharge following typical viral URTI that lasted 5-6 days and were improving.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ABRS

Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spontaneous Recovery

Many URTIs resolve on their own without specific treatment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinusitis Nasal Signs

Nasal congestion, obstruction, and purulent nasal discharge.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinusitis Facial Signs

Facial pain, pressure, or fullness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyposmia/Anosmia

Reduced or lost sense of smell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Halitosis

Sign of bad breath.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinusitis Diagnosis

Sinus aspiration/culture, imaging, and symptom evaluation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bronchitis Treatment Focus

Treatment focused on comfort and managing symptoms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antibiotics and Bronchitis

Generally not advised, unless pertussis is confirmed; macrolides are then used.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Non-Pharmacological Symptom Relief

Include rest, fluids, humidifiers, saline nasal sprays, and steam.

Signup and view all the flashcards

OTC Meds for Bronchitis

Minimal benefit, caution advised in young children.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tachypnea in Bronchitis

Rapid breathing; can suggest pneumonia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Risks of Antibiotic Overuse

Overuse leads to adverse effects, antimicrobial resistance, and unnecessary costs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reducing Inappropriate Antibiotic Rx

Strategies include delayed prescribing, addressing patient concerns, and explaining the illness course.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How to describe Bronchitis to patient

Describe the infection as a viral illness or chest cold

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bronchitis Prevalence

Acute bronchitis is reported in approximately 5% of the population annually.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bronchitis Doctor Visits

Acute bronchitis accounts for over 10 million office visits each year.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bronchitis Common Cause

Viruses are the most common cause of acute bronchitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Common Viral Causes of Bronchitis

Rhinovirus, Enterovirus, Influenza, Coronavirus, Parainfluenza, RSV, and hMPV.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bronchitis Bacterial Cause

Bacterial causes account for 1-10% of acute bronchitis cases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bronchitis Symptoms

Cough (with or without mucus), nasal congestion, chest soreness, fatigue, headache, body aches, sore throat, and sometimes fever.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bronchitis Symptom Duration

2-3 weeks (approximately 18 days).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • The reading differentiates between bacterial and viral causes for URTIs, suggesting a greater need to only prescribe antibiotics when necessary.

Acute Rhinosinusitis (Sinusitis)

  • ABRS (acute bacterial rhinosinusitis) is established as a reason to initiate antibiotics.

Pharyngitis

  • Sore throat vs. pharyngitis is the infection of the oropharynx.

Acute Bronchitis

  • "Chest cold" is synonymous with acute bronchitis.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections & Bronchitis PDF

Description

Explore upper respiratory tract infections, focusing on sinusitis and pharyngitis. Learn about the bacterial and viral origins, microbiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment options for these common conditions.

More Like This

Acute Upper Respiratory Infections Quiz
5 questions

Acute Upper Respiratory Infections Quiz

SucceedingUnderstanding avatar
SucceedingUnderstanding
Pharyngitis Overview and Complications
25 questions

Pharyngitis Overview and Complications

SelfSatisfactionHeliotrope9824 avatar
SelfSatisfactionHeliotrope9824
Respiratory Infections Overview
42 questions

Respiratory Infections Overview

LikableBowenite1164 avatar
LikableBowenite1164
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser