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Questions and Answers
What is the origin of the Pectoralis Major muscle?
What is the origin of the Pectoralis Major muscle?
Clavicle, Sternum, Costal cartilages of ribs 1-6.
What is the action of the Pectoralis Minor muscle?
What is the action of the Pectoralis Minor muscle?
Protracts and depresses the scapula.
What nerve innervates the Serratus Anterior muscle?
What nerve innervates the Serratus Anterior muscle?
Long thoracic nerve
What is the primary action of the Subclavius muscle?
What is the primary action of the Subclavius muscle?
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What is the origin of the Trapezius muscle?
What is the origin of the Trapezius muscle?
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What nerve innervates the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?
What nerve innervates the Latissimus Dorsi muscle?
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What is the action of the Levator Scapulae muscle?
What is the action of the Levator Scapulae muscle?
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What is the innervation of the Rhomboid Major and Minor muscles?
What is the innervation of the Rhomboid Major and Minor muscles?
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Which muscles are considered part of the rotator cuff?
Which muscles are considered part of the rotator cuff?
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What is the insertion of the Deltoid muscle?
What is the insertion of the Deltoid muscle?
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What is the main action of the Supraspinatus muscle?
What is the main action of the Supraspinatus muscle?
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What is the action of the Infraspinatus muscle?
What is the action of the Infraspinatus muscle?
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What is the action of the Teres Minor muscle?
What is the action of the Teres Minor muscle?
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What is the insertion of the Subscapularis muscle?
What is the insertion of the Subscapularis muscle?
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What are the main muscles involved in elbow and shoulder movements?
What are the main muscles involved in elbow and shoulder movements?
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What is the origin of the Biceps Brachii muscle's long head?
What is the origin of the Biceps Brachii muscle's long head?
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What is the innervation of the Coracobrachialis muscle?
What is the innervation of the Coracobrachialis muscle?
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What is the primary action of the Brachialis muscle?
What is the primary action of the Brachialis muscle?
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What is the insertion of the Triceps brachii muscle?
What is the insertion of the Triceps brachii muscle?
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What are the two main groups of muscles in the forearm?
What are the two main groups of muscles in the forearm?
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Where are the flexor muscles located in the forearm?
Where are the flexor muscles located in the forearm?
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What is the origin of the Flexor Carpi Radialis muscle?
What is the origin of the Flexor Carpi Radialis muscle?
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What is the action of the Palmaris Longus muscle?
What is the action of the Palmaris Longus muscle?
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What is the innervation of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris muscle?
What is the innervation of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris muscle?
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What is the insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis muscle?
What is the insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis muscle?
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What is the origin of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus muscle?
What is the origin of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus muscle?
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What is the insertion of the Flexor Pollicis Longus muscle?
What is the insertion of the Flexor Pollicis Longus muscle?
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What is the action of the Pronator Quadratus muscle?
What is the action of the Pronator Quadratus muscle?
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What is the origin of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus muscle?
What is the origin of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus muscle?
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What is the innervation of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis muscle?
What is the innervation of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis muscle?
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What is the insertion of the Extensor Digitorum muscle?
What is the insertion of the Extensor Digitorum muscle?
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What is the action of the Extensor Digiti Minimi muscle?
What is the action of the Extensor Digiti Minimi muscle?
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What is the origin of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris muscle?
What is the origin of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris muscle?
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What is the insertion of the Supinator muscle?
What is the insertion of the Supinator muscle?
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What is the innervation of the Abductor Pollicis Longus muscle?
What is the innervation of the Abductor Pollicis Longus muscle?
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What is the insertion of the Extensor Pollicis Brevis muscle?
What is the insertion of the Extensor Pollicis Brevis muscle?
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What is the origin of the Extensor Pollicis Longus muscle?
What is the origin of the Extensor Pollicis Longus muscle?
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What is the insertion of the Extensor Indicis muscle?
What is the insertion of the Extensor Indicis muscle?
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What are the two main types of muscles in the hand?
What are the two main types of muscles in the hand?
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Where are the intrinsic muscles located in the hand?
Where are the intrinsic muscles located in the hand?
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Where do extrinsic hand muscles originate?
Where do extrinsic hand muscles originate?
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What is the origin of the Abductor Pollicis Brevis muscle?
What is the origin of the Abductor Pollicis Brevis muscle?
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What is the action of the Flexor Pollicis Brevis muscle?
What is the action of the Flexor Pollicis Brevis muscle?
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What is the innervation of the Opponens Pollicis muscle?
What is the innervation of the Opponens Pollicis muscle?
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What is the insertion of the Adductor Pollicis muscle?
What is the insertion of the Adductor Pollicis muscle?
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What is the origin of the Abductor Digiti Minimi muscle?
What is the origin of the Abductor Digiti Minimi muscle?
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What is the action of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis muscle?
What is the action of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis muscle?
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What is the innervation of the Opponens Digiti Minimi muscle?
What is the innervation of the Opponens Digiti Minimi muscle?
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What is the origin of the Adductor Pollicis muscle's transverse head?
What is the origin of the Adductor Pollicis muscle's transverse head?
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What is the innervation of the Lumbricals muscles?
What is the innervation of the Lumbricals muscles?
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What is the origin of the Dorsal Interossei muscles?
What is the origin of the Dorsal Interossei muscles?
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What is the action of the Palmar Interossei muscles?
What is the action of the Palmar Interossei muscles?
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Study Notes
Upper Limb Muscles
- The upper limb muscles are responsible for complex shoulder and arm movements.
- Key movements include flexion, abduction, and rotation.
Pectoral Region Overview
- The pectoral region contains muscles responsible for shoulder and arm movement.
- These muscles are crucial for arm flexion, abduction, and rotation.
Pectoralis Major
- Origin: Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 1-6
- Insertion: Lateral lip of bicipital groove of the humerus
- Innervation: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
- Action: Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm
Pectoralis Minor
- Origin: Ribs 3-5
- Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula
- Innervation: Medial pectoral nerves
- Action: Protracts and depresses the scapula
Serratus Anterior
- Origin: Upper eight ribs
- Insertion: Medial border and inferior angle of the scapula
- Innervation: Long thoracic nerve
- Action: Protracts and stabilizes the scapula
Subclavius
- Origin: 1st rib
- Insertion: Clavicle
- Innervation: Nerve to subclavius
- Action: Depresses the clavicle
Back Region Overview
- Muscles in the back region contribute to movement and stabilization of the spine, shoulder girdle, and upper limbs.
- Crucial for posture, mobility, and overall upper body function.
Trapezius
- Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
- Insertion: Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula
- Innervation: Spinal part of accessory nerve (motor), C3,C4 (sensory)
- Action: Elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula; extends the neck
Latissimus Dorsi
- Origin: Spinous processes of T7-T12, iliac crest, lower three or four ribs, and thoracolumbar fascia
- Insertion: Floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
- Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve
- Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm
Levator Scapulae
- Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
- Insertion: Medial border of the scapula
- Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve and cervical nerves (C3,C4)
- Action: Elevates the scapula and tilts it downward
Rhomboid Major and Minor
- Origin (Minor): Ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7 and T1 vertebrae
- Origin (Major): Spines of T2-T5 vertebrae
- Insertion: Medial border of the scapula
- Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve
- Action (both): Retracts and downwardly rotates the scapula
Shoulder Region Overview
- The shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the human body.
- Major controlling muscles include the deltoid and rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis).
Deltoid
- Origin: Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion process of the scapula, spine of the scapula
- Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
- Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
- Action: Abduction (primary action), flexion and medial rotation (anterior fibers), and extension and lateral rotation (posterior fibers).
Supraspinatus
- Origin: Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
- Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus (superior facet) and capsule of the shoulder joint
- Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
- Action: Abducts the arm (initial 15 degrees), stabilizes the shoulder joint
Infraspinatus
- Origin: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
- Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet) and capsule of the shoulder joint
- Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
- Action: Laterally rotates, and stabilizes the shoulder joint.
Teres Minor
- Origin: Upper two-thirds of lateral border of the scapula
- Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus (inferior facet) and capsule of the shoulder joint.
- Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
- Action: Laterally rotates and stabilizes the shoulder joint.
Teres Major
- Origin: Lower third of lateral border of the scapula
- Insertion: Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
- Innervation: Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
- Action: Medially rotates, adducts, and extends the arm
Subscapularis
- Origin: Subscapular fossa of the scapula
- Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus.
- Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6)
- Action: Medially rotates and stabilizes the shoulder joint
Arm Muscles Overview
- The arm muscles control movement in the elbow and shoulder.
- These muscles include biceps brachii, triceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis.
- They enable flexion, extension, and rotation of the arm.
Biceps Brachii
- Origin (short): Coracoid process of the scapula
- Origin (long): Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
- Insertion: Radial tuberosity of the radius and bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia of forearm
- Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
- Action: Flexes the forearm at the elbow, supinates the forearm, weak flexor of the arm at the shoulder.
Coracobrachialis
- Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula
- Insertion: Middle third of the medial surface of the humerus
- Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
- Action: Flexes and adducts the arm at the shoulder
Brachialis
- Origin: Anterior surface of the lower half of the humerus
- Insertion: Coronoid process of the ulna
- Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6), and a small branch from the radial nerve (C7)
- Action: Primary flexor of the elbow
Triceps
- Origin (long): Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
- Origin (lateral): Posterior surface of the humerus, superior to the radial groove
- Origin (medial): Posterior surface of the humerus, inferior to the radial groove
- Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna
- Innervation: Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)
- Action: Extends the forearm at the elbow.
Forearm Region Overview
- The forearm muscles control wrist, hand, and finger movements.
- Classified into flexor muscles (anterior) and extensor muscles (posterior).
- Involved in flexion, extension, pronation, and supination.
Flexor Group (Superficial)
- Includes Flexor Carpi Radialis and Palmaris Longus.
- Primarily responsible for wrist flexion and abduction.
Flexor Group (Deep)
- Includes Flexor Digitorum Profundus and Flexor Pollicis Longus.
- Responsible for finger and thumb flexion.
Extensor Group (Superficial)
- Includes Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, and Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis.
- Primarily concerned with wrist extension and abduction.
Extensor Group (Deep)
- Includes Extensor Digitorum.
- Extends the fingers and the wrist.
- Other included extensor muscles control other precise finger movements
Hand Region Overview
- The hand, a highly specialized part of the upper limb, has both intrinsic (within the hand) and extrinsic (originating in the forearm) muscles.
- These muscles cooperate to enable grasping, manipulating, and fine motor control.
Thenar Muscles
- Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Flexor Pollicis Brevis, Opponens Pollicis.
- Control thumb movements like abduction, flexion, and opposition.
Hypothenar Muscles
- Abductor Digiti Minimi, Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis, Opponens Digiti Minimi, and Palmaris Brevis.
- Control small finger movements like abduction, flexion, and opposition, and tense the palm.
Midpalmar Muscles
- Adductor Pollicis, Lumbricals.
- Assist with thumb actions (especially adduction) and finger actions (flexion/extensions).
Interossei Muscles
- Dorsal and Palmar Interossei.
- Responsible for finger abduction and adduction in palm and back regions
Q&A Session
- An opportunity for students to clarify any concepts related to the presented muscles or anatomy.
Conclusion
- The presentation is concluded.
- Acknowledgement of the presenter/student team.
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Description
This quiz covers key information about the upper limb muscles, including their origins, insertions, and actions. Learn about important muscles such as the Pectoralis Major, Minor, and Serratus Anterior, and understand their roles in shoulder and arm movement.
