Upper Limb Gross Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the clavicle in the upper limb?

  • Forms the articulating surface of the elbow
  • Connects the scapula to the sternum (correct)
  • Articulates with the humerus
  • Stabilizes the wrist joint

    • Which two bones comprise the forearm?

  • Ulna and metacarpals
  • Tibia and fibula
  • Humerus and radius
  • Radius and ulna (correct)

    • Which muscle is primarily responsible for forearm supination?

  • Biceps brachii (correct)
  • Brachialis
  • Deltoid
  • Triceps brachii

    • What is the primary weight-bearing bone of the leg?

    <p>Tibia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the bones involved in the pelvic girdle?

    <p>Ilium, ischium, and pubis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is primarily involved in knee flexion and extension?

    <p>Knee joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding the muscles of the lower limb is true?

    <p>Adductors are responsible for hip adduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many phalanges are there in each hand?

    <p>14 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Pectoral Girdle

    Structure formed by the scapula and clavicle, connecting arms to torso.

    Scapula

    Triangular bone with borders and angles; contains glenoid cavity for humerus.

    Clavicle

    S-shaped bone joining scapula to sternum, aids shoulder stability.

    Humerus

    Single long bone of the arm, articulates with scapula and forearm bones.

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    Coxal Bones

    Fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis; forms acetabulum for femur articulation.

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    Femur

    Longest and strongest bone in the body; connects pelvis to knee.

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    Tibia

    The larger, weight-bearing bone of the lower leg; provides structure.

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    Metacarpals

    Five bones forming the palm of the hand; support grip and movement.

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    Study Notes

    Upper Limb Gross Anatomy

    • Pectoral Girdle: Composed of the scapula and clavicle.

      • Scapula: Triangular bone with three borders (medial, lateral, superior) and three angles (superior, inferior, lateral). Contains the glenoid cavity for articulation with the humerus.
      • Clavicle: S-shaped bone connecting the scapula to the sternum. Aids in shoulder stability and movement.

    • Arm: Contains the humerus, the single long bone of the arm.

      • Humerus: Proximal head articulates with the glenoid cavity. Distal end articulates with the radius and ulna.
      • Muscles: Deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and other muscles enabling flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

    • Forearm: Contains the radius and ulna.

      • Radius: Lateral bone; crucial for pronation and supination.
      • Ulna: Medial bone; provides stability during forearm movements.
      • Muscles: Numerous muscles enabling various wrist and hand movements.

    • Wrist: Articulation between radius/ulna and carpals.

      • Carpals: Eight small bones forming the wrist joint; allow for flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction.

    • Hand: Made up of metacarpals and phalanges.

      • Metacarpals: Five bones forming the palm.
      • Phalanges: Fourteen bones forming the fingers (three in each) and thumb (two).
      • Muscles: Complex systems of muscles enabling fine motor skills, gripping, and precise movements.

    Lower Limb Gross Anatomy

    • Pelvic Girdle: Composed of the hip bones (coxal bones).

      • Coxal Bones: Fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis; form the acetabulum for articulation with the femur.
      • Articulation: Supports weight transfer from the axial skeleton.

    • Thigh: Contains the femur, the longest and strongest bone in the body.

      • Femur: Proximal end articulates with the acetabulum; distal end articulates with the tibia and patella.
      • Muscles: Quadriceps femoris (extension), hamstring muscles (flexion), hip adductors, abductors, and rotators.

    • Knee: Complex joint involving the patella, femur, and tibia.

      • Patella: Sesamoid bone improving leverage for knee extension.
      • Muscles: Cruciate ligaments, collateral ligaments, menisci; crucial for stability and movement.

    • Leg: Contains the tibia and fibula.

      • Tibia: Larger and weight-bearing medial bone.
      • Fibula: Smaller lateral bone; provides stability.
      • Muscles: Numerous muscles for ankle, foot, and toe movements, including dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion.

    • Ankle: Articulation between the tibia/fibula and tarsals.

      • Tarsals: Seven bones forming the ankle and supporting the proximal portion of the foot; allowing for ankle joint movement.

    • Foot: Made up of metatarsals and phalanges.

      • Metatarsals: Five bones forming the sole of the foot.
      • Phalanges: Fourteen bones forming the toes (three in each) and the proximal and distal phalanges.
      • Muscles: Muscles for complex foot movements.

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    Description

    Explore the detailed anatomy of the upper limb, including the pectoral girdle, arm, and forearm. This quiz covers the structure and functions of bones such as the scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, and ulna, as well as the associated muscles. Test your knowledge of this essential aspect of human anatomy.

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