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Questions and Answers
Which structure may be invaded by breast cancer, leading to dimpling of the skin?
Which structure may be invaded by breast cancer, leading to dimpling of the skin?
What is the base of the axilla formed by?
What is the base of the axilla formed by?
Which of the following is NOT a content of the axilla?
Which of the following is NOT a content of the axilla?
What is the function of the axillary sheath?
What is the function of the axillary sheath?
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What triggers the hemispherical shape of breasts during puberty?
What triggers the hemispherical shape of breasts during puberty?
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Where is the apex of the axilla located?
Where is the apex of the axilla located?
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Which structure is part of the posterior wall of the axilla?
Which structure is part of the posterior wall of the axilla?
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Which structure is located medially in the axillary region?
Which structure is located medially in the axillary region?
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What is the shape of the female breast?
What is the shape of the female breast?
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What is the primary muscle bed supporting the breast?
What is the primary muscle bed supporting the breast?
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How many lobes are present in the breast?
How many lobes are present in the breast?
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Where does the nipple typically lie?
Where does the nipple typically lie?
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What is the name of the ligament that supports the breast tissue?
What is the name of the ligament that supports the breast tissue?
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Which arteries are involved in the blood supply to the breast?
Which arteries are involved in the blood supply to the breast?
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What anatomical feature is located within the areola?
What anatomical feature is located within the areola?
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Into which group do the lymph nodes of the lateral quadrant and central part of the breast drain?
Into which group do the lymph nodes of the lateral quadrant and central part of the breast drain?
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Study Notes
Upper Limb: Breast Anatomy
- The female breast, or mamma, is formed by the mammary gland, a specialized accessory gland that secretes milk.
- Shape and Position: The breast is conical in shape, its base extending from the second to sixth ribs and from the sternum's lateral border to the midaxillary line.
- Gland Structure: The mammary gland lies in superficial fascia, with a base, apex, and axillary tail. Its base spans ribs 2-6, and extends from the lateral margin of the sternum to the midaxillary line. Critically, it lacks a capsule.
Breast Parts, Blood Supply, and Lymph Drainage
- Parts: The breast is composed of lobes that contain acini (milk-producing glands). Milk travels through lactiferous ducts, which converge to form 15-20 ducts that open into the nipple.
- Blood supply: The blood supply is derived from the internal thoracic artery (with perforating branches), lateral thoracic artery, intercostal arteries, and thoracoacromial artery.
- Lymph drainage: Lateral quadrant and central part drains into the anterior (pectoral) group. The upper quadrant drains into the apical group. The lower quadrant drains into the lymph plexus of the rectus sheath and subphrenic plexus. The medial quadrant drains into the internal thoracic (parasternal) nodes.
Areola and Nipple
- Areola: A dark pink-brownish circular area surrounding the nipple. It is rich in melanin and sebaceous glands that become more prominent during pregnancy.
- Nipple: Located centrally within the areola. It has 15-20 openings from lactiferous ducts. Its position can be influenced by the size of the breast.
Clinical Notes
- Male breasts: May enlarge in some diseases (gynecomastia).
- Cooper's ligaments: Can be invaded by breast cancer, causing skin dimpling (peau d'orange) due to their shrinkage.
- Breast Cancer: Can invade the retromammary space, leading to breast fixation.
Axilla Anatomy
- Axilla: A pyramidal space between the upper arm and the chest, with an apex, base, and four walls.
- Apex: Located at the upper end, bordered by the clavicle, upper scapula, and the first rib.
- Base: Located at the lower end, bordered by the skin and fascia connecting the anterior and posterior axillary walls.
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Walls:
- Anterior: Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius, and clavipectoral fascia
- Posterior: Teres major, latissimus dorsi, and subscapularis
- Lateral: Bicipital groove of the humerus, biceps brachii, and coracobrachialis
- Medial: Upper 4-5 ribs, intercostal spaces, and serratus anterior
- Contents of the Axilla: Includes the brachial plexus, axillary artery and vein, axillary lymph nodes, axillary fat, and axillary tail of the breast.
Deltopectoral Groove
- A groove between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles.
- Contents: Deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery, uppermost part of cephalic vein, and deltopectoral lymph node.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the female breast, including its structure, shape, blood supply, and lymph drainage. This quiz covers essential information about the mammary gland's anatomy and functions. Perfect for students focusing on human anatomy or health sciences.
