Upper Limb Anatomy

What is the primary function of the biceps brachii muscle?

Supination of the forearm

Which nerve gives rise to the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm?

Musculocutaneous nerve

What is the result of a lesion of the musculocutaneous nerve on flexion at the shoulder?

Flexion is weakened, but can still occur

Which muscle is responsible for supination of the affected limb in cases of musculocutaneous nerve lesions?

Supinator muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a lesion of the musculocutaneous nerve on sensation in the forearm?

Loss of sensation over the lateral side of the forearm Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation area of the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm?

Skin over the lower deltoid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rotator cuff muscles?

To stabilise the glenohumeral joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm?

The posterior terminal branch of the axillary nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical presentation of a patient with axillary nerve damage?

Impaired sensation at the regimental badge area and paraesthesia in the distribution of the axillary nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of axillary nerve damage?

Fracture of the proximal humerus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the deltoid muscle?

To perform abduction of the upper limb at the glenohumeral joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the deltoid muscle?

Anterior terminal branch of the axillary nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location where the median nerve enters the forearm?

Via the cubital fossa Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the palmar cutaneous nerve?

Innervates the skin of the lateral palm Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Idiopathic factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pain distribution in carpal tunnel syndrome?

Radiating to the forearm Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome that affects the patient's daily life?

Waking the patient from their sleep Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of untreated carpal tunnel syndrome?

Weakening and atrophy of the thenar muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscle is innervated by the ulnar nerve?

Flexor digitorum profundus (medial half) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the muscles innervated by the median nerve in the hand?

Pronation of the forearm, flexion of the wrist and flexion of the digits Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of holding the wrist in flexion for 60 seconds during physical examination?

To elicit numbness or pain in the median nerve distribution Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome if a splint does not provide relief?

Corticosteroid injections into the carpal tunnel Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the median nerve innervates the lateral two lumbricals?

Palmar digital branch Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve arises from the median nerve and supplies the deep flexors?

Anterior interosseous nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a lesion of the median nerve at the elbow on the flexor carpi ulnaris?

It is spared Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior forearm and hand, except for those innervated by the median nerve?

Ulnar nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Tinel's sign in physical examination?

It is used to elicit pain in the median nerve distribution Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of surgical decompression of the carpal tunnel?

To relieve symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the median nerve does not pass through the carpal tunnel?

Palmar cutaneous branch Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a lesion of the median nerve at the elbow on the pronators and flexors in the forearm?

They are paralyzed, except for the flexor carpi ulnaris Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of an untreated Erb's palsy?

Partial paralysis of the affected limb Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves is NOT affected in Erb's palsy?

Ulnar nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Erb's palsy?

Excessive stretching of the neck and shoulder Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is NOT innervated by the nerve roots affected in Erb's palsy?

Flexor digitorum profundus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of Erb's palsy?

Weakness in the affected limb Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves is responsible for innervating the muscles affected in Erb's palsy?

C5 and C6 nerve roots Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nerves formed by the anterior divisions of spinal nerves C5-T1?

Innervate the skin and musculature of the upper limb Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical location where the roots of the brachial plexus converge to form three trunks?

At the base of the neck Signup and view all the answers

Which spinal nerves form the brachial plexus?

C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the mnemonic used to remember the parts of the brachial plexus?

Randy Travis Drink Cold Bear Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the beginning of the brachial plexus?

Roots Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway through which the nerves of the brachial plexus pass initially?

Between the anterior and medial scalene muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic position of the forearm in Erb's palsy?

Pronated Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves are affected in a lower brachial plexus injury?

Ulnar and median nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of a lower brachial plexus injury?

Loss of sensation on the medial side of the arm Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical posture of the affected limb in Erb's palsy?

Medially rotated and adducted Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are paralyzed in a lower brachial plexus injury?

All the small muscles of the hand Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic joint position in a lower brachial plexus injury?

Metacarpophalangeal joints are hyperextended and interphalangeal joints are flexed Signup and view all the answers