Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which muscle is attached to the coracoid process of the scapula?
Which muscle is attached to the coracoid process of the scapula?
What is the longest bone in the upper limb?
What is the longest bone in the upper limb?
At what age does the humerus typically achieve full ossification in females?
At what age does the humerus typically achieve full ossification in females?
Which part of the scapula is most susceptible to fractures?
Which part of the scapula is most susceptible to fractures?
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When does the humerus begin to ossify during intrauterine life?
When does the humerus begin to ossify during intrauterine life?
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What is the primary role of the radius in the forearm?
What is the primary role of the radius in the forearm?
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Which joint does the radius NOT contribute to?
Which joint does the radius NOT contribute to?
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Which of the following muscles is involved in supination of the forearm?
Which of the following muscles is involved in supination of the forearm?
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From which anatomical feature of the radius does the biceps brachii muscle primarily exert its action?
From which anatomical feature of the radius does the biceps brachii muscle primarily exert its action?
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Which muscle is NOT listed among those associated with the forearm in the content?
Which muscle is NOT listed among those associated with the forearm in the content?
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What type of ossification primarily occurs in the clavicle?
What type of ossification primarily occurs in the clavicle?
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At what age does the clavicle typically complete its ossification?
At what age does the clavicle typically complete its ossification?
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Which of the following attachment points can be found on the inferior surface of the sternal extremity of the clavicle?
Which of the following attachment points can be found on the inferior surface of the sternal extremity of the clavicle?
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Where does the scapula rest in relation to the ribs?
Where does the scapula rest in relation to the ribs?
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What is a common location for clavicle fractures?
What is a common location for clavicle fractures?
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What is the most common fracture of the forearm, particularly in females over 50?
What is the most common fracture of the forearm, particularly in females over 50?
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Which bones are found in the proximal row of the carpal bones?
Which bones are found in the proximal row of the carpal bones?
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What happens to the radial styloid process during a Colles' fracture?
What happens to the radial styloid process during a Colles' fracture?
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How many bones make up the human hand?
How many bones make up the human hand?
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Which part of the upper limb skeleton includes the scapula?
Which part of the upper limb skeleton includes the scapula?
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Which muscle is associated with the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus?
Which muscle is associated with the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus?
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What nerve is likely to be injured with a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus?
What nerve is likely to be injured with a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus?
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Which muscle attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
Which muscle attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
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What symptom is commonly associated with hitting the medial epicondyle?
What symptom is commonly associated with hitting the medial epicondyle?
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In a supracondylar fracture of the humerus, what nerve can be compressed?
In a supracondylar fracture of the humerus, what nerve can be compressed?
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Which of the following muscles does NOT originate from the anterior aspect of the medial epicondyle?
Which of the following muscles does NOT originate from the anterior aspect of the medial epicondyle?
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What is a common consequence of injuring the radial nerve in the humerus?
What is a common consequence of injuring the radial nerve in the humerus?
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What happens to the distal fragment of the humerus in a supracondylar fracture?
What happens to the distal fragment of the humerus in a supracondylar fracture?
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Study Notes
Clavicle
- The lateral extremity of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula to form the acromioclavicular joint.
- Ossification: The clavicle ossifies primarily by intramembranous ossification. It begins to ossify by the 5th/6th week of intrauterine life, being the first bone to commence ossification. It may be the last long bone to complete ossification, as this process is usually completed between the 25th – 31st year postnatally (when its epiphysis finally fuses with the diaphysis).
- A conoid tubercle is present on the inferior surface of the sternal extremity, and a costal tuberosity is present on the acromial extremity.
- Both processes serve as attachments for ligaments.
- Muscular attachment: impression for the costoclavicular ligament, subclavian groove for the subclavius muscle, deltoid tubercle for the deltoid muscle, conoid tubercle for conoid ligament, trapezoid line for trapezoid ligament.
- Applied anatomy: The clavicle is commonly involved in fracture which occurs at the junction of its lateral and medial 2/3. In cases of fracture, it is drooping (sagging) of the affected upper limb. It occurs more frequently in children than in adults.
- It may undergo abnormal ossification, such that it becomes shorter than normal, and a bony defect may result at the 1/3 and medial 2/3, which can be identified radiologically.
Scapular
- Introduction: It is a flat triangular bone located in the superolateral part of the dorsal surface of the thorax. It overlies the 2nd – 7th ribs dorsally. It gives attachment to fifteen muscles. Thus, it is largely non-palpable.
- It undergoes endochondral ossification. It ossifies in 8 different centres.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the upper limb, including muscles, bones, and ossification processes. Questions cover various aspects such as the scapula, clavicle, and radius. Perfect for students studying anatomy or preparing for medical exams.
