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Questions and Answers
The ______ nerve may result in median nerve palsy, causing numbness and pain in the palm and fingers.
The ______ nerve may result in median nerve palsy, causing numbness and pain in the palm and fingers.
median
The ______ plexus includes the triceps brachii and extensor muscles of the forearm.
The ______ plexus includes the triceps brachii and extensor muscles of the forearm.
brachial
Inability to pronate the forearm is a symptom of injury to the ______ nerve.
Inability to pronate the forearm is a symptom of injury to the ______ nerve.
median
Damage to the ulnar nerve affects the muscles of the ______ and results in sensory loss on the medial side of the hand.
Damage to the ulnar nerve affects the muscles of the ______ and results in sensory loss on the medial side of the hand.
The condition known as ______ scapula occurs when the scapula protrudes due to nerve injury.
The condition known as ______ scapula occurs when the scapula protrudes due to nerve injury.
The roots of the brachial plexus are formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5–C8 and ______.
The roots of the brachial plexus are formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5–C8 and ______.
Injury to the superior roots of the brachial plexus may result from forceful pulling away of the head from the ______.
Injury to the superior roots of the brachial plexus may result from forceful pulling away of the head from the ______.
The brachial plexus extends inferiorly and laterally on either side of the last four cervical and first thoracic ______.
The brachial plexus extends inferiorly and laterally on either side of the last four cervical and first thoracic ______.
The ulnar nerve supplies the anteromedial muscles of the forearm and most of the muscles of the ______.
The ulnar nerve supplies the anteromedial muscles of the forearm and most of the muscles of the ______.
The presentation of brachial plexus injury can occur from excessive stretching of an infant’s neck during ______.
The presentation of brachial plexus injury can occur from excessive stretching of an infant’s neck during ______.
Flashcards
Brachial Plexus
Brachial Plexus
Formed by the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5-C8 and T1, extending from the cervical and thoracic vertebrae into the axilla.
Radial Nerve Function
Radial Nerve Function
Supplies the triceps brachii, forearm extensors, and provides sensation to the posterior arm, forearm, and part of the hand.
Medial Pectoral Nerve
Medial Pectoral Nerve
Innervates the pectoralis major and minor muscles, facilitating chest and shoulder movement.
Medial Cutaneous Nerve of Arm
Medial Cutaneous Nerve of Arm
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Ulnar Nerve Function
Ulnar Nerve Function
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Median Nerve Injury
Median Nerve Injury
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Erb-Duchenne Palsy
Erb-Duchenne Palsy
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Winging of Scapula
Winging of Scapula
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Wrist Drop Cause
Wrist Drop Cause
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Study Notes
Brachial Plexus Overview
- Formed by anterior rami of spinal nerves C5–C8 and T1.
- Extends inferiorly and laterally from the last four cervical and first thoracic vertebrae.
- Passes above the first rib, posterior to the clavicle, and enters the axilla.
Key Nerves and Their Functions
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Radial Nerve:
- Supplies triceps brachii, anconeus, extensor muscles of the forearm.
- Provides sensation to the skin of the posterior arm and forearm, lateral two-thirds of the dorsum of the hand, and proximal/middle phalanges.
-
Medial Pectoral Nerve:
- Innervates pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles.
-
Medial Cutaneous Nerve of Arm:
- Supplies skin of the medial and posterior aspects of the distal third of the arm.
-
Medial Cutaneous Nerve of Forearm:
- Innervates the skin of medial and posterior aspects of the forearm.
-
Ulnar Nerve:
- Innervates flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus, and most hand muscles.
- Supplies skin of the medial side of the hand, little finger, and medial half of the ring finger.
Nerve Injuries and Effects
-
Median Nerve Injury:
- Can lead to median nerve palsy, causing numbness, tingling, and pain in the palm and fingers.
- Results in inability to pronate the forearm and flex the fingers; the arm cannot be abducted beyond horizontal.
-
Superior Roots Injury (C5–C6):
- Caused by forceful pulling away of the head from the shoulder.
- May occur from a fall on the shoulder or during childbirth, leading to Erb-Duchenne palsy (waiter's tip).
-
Winging of Scapula:
- Caused by injury leading to scapula protrusion; results in limited upper limb function.
Additional Nerve Functions and Branches
-
Lateral Cord Branches:
- Includes lateral pectoral nerve, musculocutaneous nerve.
-
Posterior Cord Branches:
- Contains axillary nerve, radial nerve.
-
Medial Cord Branches:
- Includes ulnar nerve, medial pectoral nerve, medial brachial cutaneous nerve.
Important Nerve Presentation
- Wrist Drop: Attributable to radial nerve injury.
- Ulnar Nerve Palsy: Affects hand functions.
These key points encapsulate the structural organization and clinical significance of the brachial plexus and its associated nerves.
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