Upper Limb Trauma: Clavicle and Scapula Fractures
30 Questions
4 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a complication that occurs but does not affect function?

  • Neurovascular involvement
  • Joint stiffness
  • Mal-union (correct)
  • Non-union

Which condition is an indication for operative treatment?

  • Minor fractures
  • Nonunion (correct)
  • Fracture healing
  • Mal-union

Which of the following does not constitute a reason for operative treatment?

  • Nonunion
  • Mal-union (correct)
  • Neurovascular involvement
  • Pain management

What is a potential complication of a fracture that can lead to significant concerns?

<p>Nonunion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following complications are likely to impact treatment decisions?

<p>Nonunion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fixation is NOT used for surgical reduction in humeral shaft fractures?

<p>External fixation device (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a stable transverse fracture of the humerus, what is the preferred initial treatment?

<p>Conservative treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the need for surgical intervention in humeral shaft fractures?

<p>Unstable oblique fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a type of fracture treatment mentioned for humeral shaft fractures?

<p>Open reduction and internal fixation for comminuted fractures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fixation option involves placing a metal rod in the medullary cavity of the bone?

<p>Intramedullary interlocking nail (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication associated with internal fixation of the humerus?

<p>Radial nerve injury manifested as wrist drop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fixation methods utilizes interlocking features?

<p>Interlocking nails (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fixation method is primarily associated with flexibility and adaptability?

<p>Malleable medullary nails (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of plate and screw fixation methods?

<p>Involves rigid stabilization of the fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fixation method would likely be chosen for a more complex fracture requiring stability?

<p>Interlocking nail (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of supra condylar fractures?

<p>They can be classified into extension or flexion types. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended immediate treatment for supra condylar fractures in children?

<p>Urged reduction followed by a post splint. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with supra condylar fractures?

<p>Numbness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should percutaneous wires be considered in the treatment of supra condylar fractures in children?

<p>If the fracture is unstable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is most likely to experience supra condylar fractures?

<p>Children. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical method recommended for adults with an irreducible fracture?

<p>ORIF with plates and screws (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may result from mal-union following a fracture?

<p>Altered carrying angle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to joint stiffness after a fracture?

<p>Adhesions and mal-union (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What vascular complication is associated with acute ischaemia?

<p>Vascular injury and edema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT typically a complication following a shoulder fracture?

<p>Cubitus varus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in managing acute ischaemia?

<p>Release of tight cast or bandage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is used as a secondary measure if there is no improvement after initial management of acute ischaemia?

<p>Surgical exploration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do systemic vasodilators play in the management of acute ischaemia?

<p>They help to increase blood flow after relieving the tight cast. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In managing acute ischaemia, what action should be taken if there is no significant improvement after initial interventions?

<p>Proceed with surgical exploration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the standard management protocol for acute ischaemia?

<p>Immediate placement of a cast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nonunion

A fracture that fails to heal.

Malunion

A fracture that heals improperly, but function is maintained.

Operative Treatment Indication

Reasons for surgical intervention of a fracture.

Neurovascular Involvement

Damage to nerves or blood vessels is associated with the fracture.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fracture Failure

When fracture doesn't heal properly; one of the indication for surgery.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surgical Fracture Repair

Using surgical procedures to reduce and fix a broken bone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

K-wire

A thin wire used to temporarily stabilize a bone fracture.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Plate and Screws

Metal plate and screws used for strong fracture fixation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intramedullary Nail

A nail inserted into the bone's marrow cavity for fracture stabilization.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Treatment for Transverse Fractures

Stable transverse fractures may be treated conservatively, while unstable ones require surgical intervention.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Int. fix. of fr. humerus

Internal fixation of a fractured humerus (upper arm bone).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interlocking nail

Surgical implant used to stabilize a fracture, often used with the humerus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Supracondylar Fracture

A fracture just above the elbow joint's bony prominence, common in children.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Plate & screws

Surgical plates and screws externally fix a fracture.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Radial nerve injury

Damage to the radial nerve, a common complication of humerus fractures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Children's Fractures

Supracondylar fractures are prevalent in children due to their immature bone structure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Clinical Signs (Fracture)

Pain, swelling, and discoloration (bruising) are associated with this type of fracture.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Wrist drop

Symptom of radial nerve injury, characterized by inability to extend the wrist.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Treatment (Children)

Urgent realignment and a plaster cast are typical initial treatments; percutaneous wires for unstable fractures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fracture Types (Elbow)

Elbow fractures can be categorized by extension or flexion, affecting how the arm is positioned.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ORIF with wires

Open reduction and internal fixation using wires, typically for irreducible fractures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cubitus Varus

A deformity of the elbow joint, where the forearm is angled inwards.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mal-union

Healing fracture in an inaccurate position.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vascular Complications

Problems with blood flow to the injured area.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute Ischaemia

Sudden loss of blood supply to body tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute Ischemia Treatment

Quickly reducing pressure from tight casts or bandages; using systemic vasodilators; surgical exploration if no improvement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fast Pressure Relief

Immediately reducing pressure from tight casts or bandages as a first step in treating acute ischemia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Systemic Vasodilators

Medicines that increase blood flow—applied for a blocked blood vessel.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surgical Exploration

A procedure to directly examine the injured area if there's a severe blockage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute Ischemia

Blocked blood supply to a part of the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Religious Prayer

  • Prayer of repentance, seeking forgiveness
  • "God, I have sinned greatly against myself, and only you can forgive my sins. Forgive me, and have mercy on me, for you are the Forgiving, Merciful One."

Upper Limb Trauma

Clavicle Fracture

  • Most common broken bone, common in children
  • Lateral fragment displaced downward, forward, and medially
  • Clinical Signs:
    • Local pain and tenderness
    • Patient supports affected limb with hand and tilts head to affected side
  • Treatment:
    • Reduction and sling/figure-8 bandage for 3 weeks
    • Complications:
      • Malunion (no functional effect)
      • Non-union

Indications for Operative Treatment (Clavicle)

  • Non-union
  • Neurovascular involvement
  • Unstable fracture of the lateral end near the acromioclavicular joint in adults
  • Persistent wide separation of fractured fragments with soft tissue interposition (floating shoulder)

Scapula Fracture

  • Typically no displacement
  • Supported by muscles on both sides
  • Treatment: Arm sling

Indications for Operative Treatment (General)

  • Floating shoulder
  • Major displaced glenoid fracture

Humerus Fracture

  • Proximal humerus: surgical neck, greater tuberosity
  • Humerus Shaft
  • Distal humerus:
    • Supracondylar fracture
    • Intercondylar fracture (T or Y shaped)
    • Medial or lateral epicondyle fractures (avulsion fractures)

Proximal Humerus Fracture (Surgical Neck Treatment)

  • Impacted: Strapping
  • Displaced: Reduction, then strapping

Humerus Shaft Fracture Treatment

  • Stable, transverse fracture: conservative treatment attempted
  • Unstable oblique or comminuted fracture: ORIF (open reduction and internal fixation)
    • Using interlocking IMN (intramedullary nails), plates and screws, or external fixator

Internal Fixation of Humerus Fracture

  • Plate and screws
  • Interlocking nails
  • Malleable medullary nails

Complications of Upper Limb Trauma

  • Most important: Radial nerve injury (wrist drop)
  • Non-union

Supracondylar Fractures (Children)

  • Common in children
  • Extension or flexion types
  • Clinical signs: Pain, swelling, ecchymosis (bruising)

Supracondylar Fracture Treatment (Children)

  • Children: Urgent reduction + posterior slab, percutaneous wires if unstable, ORIF with wires (if irreducible)
  • Adults: ORIF with plates and screws

Complications of Supracondylar Fractures

  • Malunion: altered carrying angle (cubitus varus or cubitus valgus)
  • Joint stiffness (adhesions, malunion)
  • Vascular complications: Acute ischemia (due to vascular injury, edema, tight cast)
    • Management: Urgent reduction, release of tight cast or bandage; systemic vasodilators, surgical exploration (if no improvement)
  • Volkmann's ischemic contracture: Fibrosis of deep forearm muscles due to prolonged ischemia
    • Treatment: Surgical excision of fibrosed muscles + tendon operations

Intercondylar Fractures (Humerus)

  • T or Y shaped
  • Intra-articular (affecting joint surface)
  • Treatment: Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) to create a smooth articular surface

Humeral Condyles (Avulsion Fractures)

  • Avulsion fracture of the medial or lateral condyles
  • Common in children
  • Treatment: ORIF using K-wire

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Upper Limb Trauma PDF

Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of upper limb trauma, specifically focusing on clavicle and scapula fractures. It includes details about the common symptoms, treatment options, and indications for operative treatment. Test your knowledge on these common injuries and their management methods.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser