Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a complication that occurs but does not affect function?
What is a complication that occurs but does not affect function?
Which condition is an indication for operative treatment?
Which condition is an indication for operative treatment?
Which of the following does not constitute a reason for operative treatment?
Which of the following does not constitute a reason for operative treatment?
What is a potential complication of a fracture that can lead to significant concerns?
What is a potential complication of a fracture that can lead to significant concerns?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following complications are likely to impact treatment decisions?
Which of the following complications are likely to impact treatment decisions?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of fixation is NOT used for surgical reduction in humeral shaft fractures?
What type of fixation is NOT used for surgical reduction in humeral shaft fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
In the case of a stable transverse fracture of the humerus, what is the preferred initial treatment?
In the case of a stable transverse fracture of the humerus, what is the preferred initial treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What indicates the need for surgical intervention in humeral shaft fractures?
What indicates the need for surgical intervention in humeral shaft fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes a type of fracture treatment mentioned for humeral shaft fractures?
Which of the following describes a type of fracture treatment mentioned for humeral shaft fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
Which fixation option involves placing a metal rod in the medullary cavity of the bone?
Which fixation option involves placing a metal rod in the medullary cavity of the bone?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common complication associated with internal fixation of the humerus?
What is the most common complication associated with internal fixation of the humerus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following fixation methods utilizes interlocking features?
Which of the following fixation methods utilizes interlocking features?
Signup and view all the answers
Which fixation method is primarily associated with flexibility and adaptability?
Which fixation method is primarily associated with flexibility and adaptability?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a notable characteristic of plate and screw fixation methods?
What is a notable characteristic of plate and screw fixation methods?
Signup and view all the answers
Which fixation method would likely be chosen for a more complex fracture requiring stability?
Which fixation method would likely be chosen for a more complex fracture requiring stability?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key characteristic of supra condylar fractures?
What is a key characteristic of supra condylar fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended immediate treatment for supra condylar fractures in children?
What is the recommended immediate treatment for supra condylar fractures in children?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with supra condylar fractures?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with supra condylar fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
When should percutaneous wires be considered in the treatment of supra condylar fractures in children?
When should percutaneous wires be considered in the treatment of supra condylar fractures in children?
Signup and view all the answers
Who is most likely to experience supra condylar fractures?
Who is most likely to experience supra condylar fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the surgical method recommended for adults with an irreducible fracture?
What is the surgical method recommended for adults with an irreducible fracture?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition may result from mal-union following a fracture?
Which condition may result from mal-union following a fracture?
Signup and view all the answers
What factors contribute to joint stiffness after a fracture?
What factors contribute to joint stiffness after a fracture?
Signup and view all the answers
What vascular complication is associated with acute ischaemia?
What vascular complication is associated with acute ischaemia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these is NOT typically a complication following a shoulder fracture?
Which of these is NOT typically a complication following a shoulder fracture?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first step in managing acute ischaemia?
What is the first step in managing acute ischaemia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment is used as a secondary measure if there is no improvement after initial management of acute ischaemia?
Which treatment is used as a secondary measure if there is no improvement after initial management of acute ischaemia?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do systemic vasodilators play in the management of acute ischaemia?
What role do systemic vasodilators play in the management of acute ischaemia?
Signup and view all the answers
In managing acute ischaemia, what action should be taken if there is no significant improvement after initial interventions?
In managing acute ischaemia, what action should be taken if there is no significant improvement after initial interventions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT part of the standard management protocol for acute ischaemia?
Which of the following is NOT part of the standard management protocol for acute ischaemia?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Religious Prayer
- Prayer of repentance, seeking forgiveness
- "God, I have sinned greatly against myself, and only you can forgive my sins. Forgive me, and have mercy on me, for you are the Forgiving, Merciful One."
Upper Limb Trauma
Clavicle Fracture
- Most common broken bone, common in children
- Lateral fragment displaced downward, forward, and medially
- Clinical Signs:
- Local pain and tenderness
- Patient supports affected limb with hand and tilts head to affected side
- Treatment:
- Reduction and sling/figure-8 bandage for 3 weeks
- Complications:
- Malunion (no functional effect)
- Non-union
Indications for Operative Treatment (Clavicle)
- Non-union
- Neurovascular involvement
- Unstable fracture of the lateral end near the acromioclavicular joint in adults
- Persistent wide separation of fractured fragments with soft tissue interposition (floating shoulder)
Scapula Fracture
- Typically no displacement
- Supported by muscles on both sides
- Treatment: Arm sling
Indications for Operative Treatment (General)
- Floating shoulder
- Major displaced glenoid fracture
Humerus Fracture
- Proximal humerus: surgical neck, greater tuberosity
- Humerus Shaft
- Distal humerus:
- Supracondylar fracture
- Intercondylar fracture (T or Y shaped)
- Medial or lateral epicondyle fractures (avulsion fractures)
Proximal Humerus Fracture (Surgical Neck Treatment)
- Impacted: Strapping
- Displaced: Reduction, then strapping
Humerus Shaft Fracture Treatment
- Stable, transverse fracture: conservative treatment attempted
- Unstable oblique or comminuted fracture: ORIF (open reduction and internal fixation)
- Using interlocking IMN (intramedullary nails), plates and screws, or external fixator
Internal Fixation of Humerus Fracture
- Plate and screws
- Interlocking nails
- Malleable medullary nails
Complications of Upper Limb Trauma
- Most important: Radial nerve injury (wrist drop)
- Non-union
Supracondylar Fractures (Children)
- Common in children
- Extension or flexion types
- Clinical signs: Pain, swelling, ecchymosis (bruising)
Supracondylar Fracture Treatment (Children)
- Children: Urgent reduction + posterior slab, percutaneous wires if unstable, ORIF with wires (if irreducible)
- Adults: ORIF with plates and screws
Complications of Supracondylar Fractures
- Malunion: altered carrying angle (cubitus varus or cubitus valgus)
- Joint stiffness (adhesions, malunion)
- Vascular complications: Acute ischemia (due to vascular injury, edema, tight cast)
- Management: Urgent reduction, release of tight cast or bandage; systemic vasodilators, surgical exploration (if no improvement)
- Volkmann's ischemic contracture: Fibrosis of deep forearm muscles due to prolonged ischemia
- Treatment: Surgical excision of fibrosed muscles + tendon operations
Intercondylar Fractures (Humerus)
- T or Y shaped
- Intra-articular (affecting joint surface)
- Treatment: Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) to create a smooth articular surface
Humeral Condyles (Avulsion Fractures)
- Avulsion fracture of the medial or lateral condyles
- Common in children
- Treatment: ORIF using K-wire
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of upper limb trauma, specifically focusing on clavicle and scapula fractures. It includes details about the common symptoms, treatment options, and indications for operative treatment. Test your knowledge on these common injuries and their management methods.
