Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What type of joint is the shoulder joint?
What is the name of the joint between the humerus and radius/ulna bones?
How many bones are in the wrist (carpus)?
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two types of ligaments in the knee joint?
Signup and view all the answers
What movement is allowed by the ankle joint?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of range of motion testing?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a type of test used to assess joint stability?
Signup and view all the answers
On the manual muscle testing scale, what does a score of 0 indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of proprioception testing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common method used to assess the intensity of joint pain?
Signup and view all the answers
How many joints are typically assessed in joint objective testing?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Upper Limb
Shoulder Joint
- Also known as glenohumeral joint
- Ball-and-socket joint between humerus (upper arm bone) and scapula (shoulder blade)
- Allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction
- Stabilized by:
- Rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis)
- Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, and inferior)
Elbow Anatomy
- Hinge joint between humerus and radius/ulna (forearm bones)
- Allows for flexion and extension
- Composed of:
- Humeroradial joint (humerus and radius)
- Humeroulnar joint (humerus and ulna)
- Proximal radioulnar joint (radius and ulna)
Wrist and Hand Bones
- Wrist (carpus): 8 bones, arranged in 2 rows
- Proximal row: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform
- Distal row: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate
- Hand bones (metacarpals and phalanges): 5 metacarpals and 14 phalanges (2 for thumb, 3 for each finger)
Lower Limb
Hip Joint Structure
- Ball-and-socket joint between femur (thigh bone) and pelvis (acetabulum)
- Allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction
- Stabilized by:
- Ligamentum teres (connects femur to acetabulum)
- Iliofemoral ligament (strongest ligament in the body)
- Pubofemoral ligament
- Ischiofemoral ligament
Knee Joint Ligaments
- Cruciate ligaments:
- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
- Collateral ligaments:
- Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
- Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Ankle
- Also known as talocrural joint
- Hinge joint between talus (ankle bone) and distal ends of tibia and fibula (lower leg bones)
- Allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
- Stabilized by:
- Deltoid ligament (medial aspect)
- Lateral collateral ligament (lateral aspect)
Upper Limb
- Shoulder Joint (Glenohumeral Joint) is a ball-and-socket joint between humerus (upper arm bone) and scapula (shoulder blade)
- Allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction
- Stabilized by:
- Rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis)
- Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, and inferior)
Elbow
- Hinge joint between humerus and radius/ulna (forearm bones)
- Allows for flexion and extension
- Composed of:
- Humeroradial joint (humerus and radius)
- Humeroulnar joint (humerus and ulna)
- Proximal radioulnar joint (radius and ulna)
Wrist and Hand
- Wrist (carpus) consists of 8 bones, arranged in 2 rows:
- Proximal row: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform
- Distal row: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate
- Hand bones consist of:
- 5 metacarpals
- 14 phalanges (2 for thumb, 3 for each finger)
Lower Limb
Hip Joint
- Ball-and-socket joint between femur (thigh bone) and pelvis (acetabulum)
- Allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction
- Stabilized by:
- Ligamentum teres (connects femur to acetabulum)
- Iliofemoral ligament (strongest ligament in the body)
- Pubofemoral ligament
- Ischiofemoral ligament
Knee Joint
- Cruciate ligaments:
- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
- Collateral ligaments:
- Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
- Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Ankle
- Also known as talocrural joint
- Hinge joint between talus (ankle bone) and distal ends of tibia and fibula (lower leg bones)
- Allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
- Stabilized by:
- Deltoid ligament (medial aspect)
- Lateral collateral ligament (lateral aspect)
Joint Objective Testing
- Measures the degree of movement in a specific joint or body part, typically using a goniometer or inclinometer.
Range of Motion (ROM)
- Influenced by factors such as muscle length and strength, joint capsule and ligamentous restrictions, and bone structure and alignment.
Joint Stability
- Refers to the ability of a joint to maintain its position and resist movement or deformation.
- Assessed through various tests, including ligamentous tests, muscle strength tests, and functional tests.
Muscle Strength
- Measures the force generated by a muscle or muscle group.
- Typically assessed using manual muscle testing (MMT) or dynamometry.
- MMT grades muscle strength on a scale of 0-5.
Proprioception Testing
- Assesses the ability to sense the position, orientation, and movement of body parts.
- Tests include joint position sense and kinesthesia.
Joint Pain Assessment
- Evaluates the presence, location, and intensity of pain in a specific joint.
- Common methods include Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity and pain provocation tests.
The 6 Joints
Shoulder
- ROM includes flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.
- Stability assessed through ligamentous tests, such as the sulcus test.
Elbow
- ROM includes flexion, extension, pronation, and supination.
- Stability assessed through ligamentous tests, such as the valgus stress test.
Wrist
- ROM includes flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation.
- Stability assessed through ligamentous tests, such as the scaphoid shift test.
Hip
- ROM includes flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.
- Stability assessed through ligamentous tests, such as the anterior drawer test.
Knee
- ROM includes flexion, extension, and rotation.
- Stability assessed through ligamentous tests, such as Lachman's test.
Ankle
- ROM includes dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion.
- Stability assessed through ligamentous tests, such as the anterior drawer test.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn about the anatomy of the upper limb, including the shoulder joint and elbow joint, their structures, and functions.
