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Questions and Answers
Which bone is commonly known as the shoulder blade?
Which bone is commonly known as the shoulder blade?
What type of movement is bending of the elbow, wrist, or fingers?
What type of movement is bending of the elbow, wrist, or fingers?
Which nerve is responsible for extension of the wrist and fingers?
Which nerve is responsible for extension of the wrist and fingers?
What is the name of the joint between the radius and carpals?
What is the name of the joint between the radius and carpals?
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Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the wrist and fingers?
Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the wrist and fingers?
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What is the name of the network of nerves that originates in the neck and shoulder region?
What is the name of the network of nerves that originates in the neck and shoulder region?
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What is the name of the condition that affects the wrist and causes numbness and tingling in the hand?
What is the name of the condition that affects the wrist and causes numbness and tingling in the hand?
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What is the term for the movement that increases the angle between two bones?
What is the term for the movement that increases the angle between two bones?
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Study Notes
Upper Extremity Anatomy
Bones
- Scapula (shoulder blade)
- Humerus (upper arm bone)
- Radius and ulna (forearm bones)
- Carpals (wrist bones)
- Metacarpals (hand bones)
- Phalanges (finger bones)
Joints
- Shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint): between scapula and humerus
- Elbow joint (humeroradial joint): between humerus and radius
- Wrist joint (radiocarpal joint): between radius and carpals
- Metacarpophalangeal joints: between metacarpals and phalanges
- Interphalangeal joints: between phalanges
Muscles
- Shoulder muscles:
- Deltoid
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Arm muscles:
- Biceps brachii
- Triceps brachii
- Forearm muscles:
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Extensor digitorum communis
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Hand muscles:
- Thenar muscles (thumb)
- Hypothenar muscles (little finger)
- Interosseous muscles (between metacarpals)
Nerves
- Brachial plexus: a network of nerves that originates in the neck and shoulder region
- Radial nerve: responsible for extension of the wrist and fingers
- Median nerve: responsible for flexion of the wrist and fingers
- Ulnar nerve: responsible for flexion of the wrist and fingers
Upper Extremity Functions
- Flexion: bending of the elbow, wrist, or fingers
- Extension: straightening of the elbow, wrist, or fingers
- Abduction: movement away from the midline of the body
- Adduction: movement towards the midline of the body
- Rotation: turning of the arm or forearm
- Circumduction: circular movement of the arm or forearm
Clinical Relevance
- Common upper extremity injuries: fractures, strains, and sprains
- Common upper extremity conditions: carpal tunnel syndrome, tennis elbow, and rotator cuff tendinitis
- Importance of upper extremity function in daily activities: eating, dressing, writing, and other activities of daily living
Upper Extremity Anatomy
- The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is part of the upper extremity anatomy
- The humerus is the upper arm bone, connecting the scapula to the forearm
- The radius and ulna are the two bones of the forearm
- The carpals are the eight bones of the wrist
- The metacarpals are the five bones of the hand, connecting the wrist to the fingers
- The phalanges are the 28 bones of the fingers and thumb
Joints of the Upper Extremity
- The glenohumeral joint, or shoulder joint, is formed by the scapula and humerus
- The humeroradial joint, or elbow joint, is formed by the humerus and radius
- The radiocarpal joint, or wrist joint, is formed by the radius and carpals
- The metacarpophalangeal joints connect the metacarpals to the phalanges
- The interphalangeal joints connect the phalanges to each other
Muscles of the Upper Extremity
- The deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles control shoulder movement
- The biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles control arm movement
- The flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis, extensor digitorum communis, and extensor digitorum longus muscles control forearm movement
- The thenar muscles control thumb movement, while the hypothenar muscles control little finger movement
- The interosseous muscles are located between the metacarpals and facilitate finger movement
Nerves of the Upper Extremity
- The brachial plexus is a network of nerves originating in the neck and shoulder region
- The radial nerve is responsible for extension of the wrist and fingers
- The median nerve is responsible for flexion of the wrist and fingers
- The ulnar nerve is also responsible for flexion of the wrist and fingers
Upper Extremity Functions
- Flexion involves bending the elbow, wrist, or fingers
- Extension involves straightening the elbow, wrist, or fingers
- Abduction involves moving the arm or forearm away from the midline of the body
- Adduction involves moving the arm or forearm towards the midline of the body
- Rotation involves turning the arm or forearm
- Circumduction involves circular movement of the arm or forearm
Clinical Relevance of the Upper Extremity
- Fractures, strains, and sprains are common upper extremity injuries
- Carpal tunnel syndrome, tennis elbow, and rotator cuff tendinitis are common upper extremity conditions
- The upper extremity plays a crucial role in daily activities such as eating, dressing, writing, and more
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Description
Test your knowledge of the bones and joints that make up the upper extremities, from the scapula to the phalanges. Identify the different joints and their connections.
