Upper Airway Function & Humidification Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the external heater in the humidification system?

  • To maintain a constant flow of oxygen to the patient
  • To increase the humidity of inspired gas at room temperature
  • To adjust the delivered temperature based on a preset value (correct)
  • To monitor patient's airway pressure

    • What does the humidification system aim to achieve for inspired gas?

  • 50% humidity at 37° C
  • 100% humidity at 37° C (correct)
  • 100% humidity at 25° C
  • 100% humidity at room temperature

    • In servo-controlled heating systems, what parameter is monitored to determine heater power adjustments?

  • The amount of water in the reservoir
  • The patient's heart rate
  • Minute ventilation and airway temperature (correct)
  • External ambient temperature

    • What happens when the thermistor probes are incorrectly placed in a radiant warmer?

    <p>They can cause the humidifier to shut down (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the water delivered to the humidification device?

    <p>To increase the water vapor in the inspired air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the HME Booster contribute to humidification?

    <p>It adds extra humidity and warmth to the inspired gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary control element in the humidification system?

    <p>A microprocessor that controls the water pump and heater (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of incorrect probe placement in the ventilator circuit?

    <p>Misleading temperature readings that could cause inadequate humidity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition would most likely require bland aerosol therapy?

    <p>Presence of upper airway edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential indication for administering hypertonic saline aerosol?

    <p>Sputum induction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an indication for bland aerosol therapy?

    <p>Severe allergic reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom that could prompt the use of bland aerosol therapy?

    <p>Increased work of breathing due to upper airway irritation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which patient scenario might benefit from bland aerosol therapy?

    <p>A patient experiencing smoke inhalation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nasal mucosal lining during inspiration?

    <p>To heat and humidify inspired gases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the temperature and humidity of inhaled air above the ISB during inspiration?

    <p>Both temperature and humidity decrease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can cause the ISB to shift deeper into the lungs?

    <p>Bypassing the upper airway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during exhalation regarding the heat transfer to the mucosal surfaces?

    <p>Heat is transferred back to the cooler tracheal and nasal mucosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may happen when the ISB shifts and involves additional airways in humidification?

    <p>It can negatively impact epithelial integrity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When may humidity therapy be indicated?

    <p>When a person breathes cold, dry air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of condensate formation exceeding mucus reabsorption in cold environments?

    <p>A runny nose may occur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do turbinates play during inspiration?

    <p>They increase contact between inspired air and mucosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may result from inadvertent overfilling of a humidifier?

    <p>Unintentional tracheal lavage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of high flow rates during disconnection of a humidifier?

    <p>Aerosolization of contaminated condensate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following might lead to ineffective low-pressure alarms during disconnection?

    <p>Condensation in the circuit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using heated wire circuits in ventilators?

    <p>Reduces water use and drainage needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended inspired gas temperature for heated humidifiers during invasive mechanical ventilation?

    <p>34° C or greater but less than 41° C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a clinical sign of inadequate airway humidification?

    <p>Increased work of breathing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cooling the humidified gas during upper airway inflammation treatments?

    <p>Aids in croup inflammation reduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do heated wire circuits monitor temperature effectively?

    <p>Employing dual controllers with two temperature sensors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when heated wire circuits are not compatible with the humidifier?

    <p>Airway burns or tubing meltdown (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when selecting gas temperatures for noninvasive ventilation?

    <p>Patient comfort, tolerance, adherence, and pulmonary condition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from condensation buildup in the ventilator circuit?

    <p>Patient-ventilator dyssynchrony (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue can still occur even with heated wire systems?

    <p>Unwanted levels of condensate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can increasing the temperature of the humidifier affect water vapor output?

    <p>It increases the output to meet BTPS conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of material is used in the inspiratory limb to manage moisture?

    <p>Absorptive material that acts as a wick (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of proper heated humidifier settings on infection risk?

    <p>Reduces infection risk for patients and healthcare workers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about heated wire circuits is true?

    <p>They provide more stable gas temperatures during ventilation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Upper Airway Function & Humidification

    • The nose actively heats, humidifies, and cools inspired and expired air.
    • The nasal mucosa is rich in blood vessels and mucous glands to maintain moisture.
    • The turbinates in the nose increase surface area for air exchange during inspiration.

    Inspiratory and Expiratory Air Exchange

    • During inspiration, the air warms and picks up moisture from the nasal mucosa.
    • During exhalation, expired air transfers heat back to the cooler nasal mucosa and humidity condenses.
    • In cold environments, condensate formation may exceed mucus reabsorption, leading to a runny nose.

    The Inspiratory-Expiratory Boundary (ISB)

    • The ISB marks the region where the air within the respiratory system reaches a stable temperature and humidity (Body Temperature & Pressure Saturated, BTPS).
    • Factors like mouth breathing, cold dry air, artificial airways, and high minute ventilation can shift the ISB deeper into the lungs.
    • Shifting the ISB can negatively impact epithelial integrity and compromise heat and moisture exchange.

    Indications for Humidification

    • Increased work of breathing due to heat and moisture exchange impairment.
    • Possible hypoventilation from hypercapnia due to increased airway dead space.
    • Inadvertent overfilling of the airway with condensate.
    • Aerosolized contaminated condensate from high flow rates.
    • Elevated airway pressures caused by condensation.
    • Ineffective low-pressure alarms during disconnection from the ventilator.
    • Patient-ventilator dyssynchrony and improper function caused by condensation.
    • Airway burns or tubing meltdown due to heated wire circuit failure.

    Clinical Signs of Inadequate Airway Humidification

    • Atelectasis
    • Dry, nonproductive cough
    • Increased airway resistance
    • Increased incidence of infection
    • Increased work of breathing
    • Patient complaint of substernal pain and airway dryness
    • Thick, dehydrated secretions

    Humidifier Equipment Overview

    • Humidifiers add molecular water to gas, using heat and water.
    • Humidifiers are designed to achieve BTPS conditions (100% humidity at 37° C or 44 mg H2O/L air).

    Heated Humidifier Equipment

    • Heated wire circuits are common and use two temperature sensors for airway temperature control.
    • The controller regulates the heater temperature to achieve BTPS conditions.

    Bland Aerosol Therapy

    • Used for upper airway inflammation resulting from croup, epiglottitis, and postextubation edema.
    • Delivered with humidified gas to add moisture and aid in inflammation reduction.

    Bland Aerosol Therapy Indications

    • Presence of upper airway edema
    • Laryngotracheobronchitis
    • Subglottic edema
    • Postextubation edema
    • Postoperative management of the upper airway
    • Bypassed upper airway
    • Need for sputum specimens or mobilization of secretions (hypertonic saline aerosol for sputum induction)

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    Related Documents

    Egan's Fundamentals of Respiratory Care - Chapter 38 - Humidity & Aerosol Therapy PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the upper airway's role in heating, humidifying, and cooling air. Explore how the nasal mucosa and turbinates contribute to efficient air exchange and the implications of shifting the Inspiratory-Expiratory Boundary. This quiz covers key concepts of respiratory physiology.

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