18 Questions
What is the function of the olfactory mucous membrane?
Detection of smells
Which structure separates the nasal cavity?
Septum
How many types of paranasal sinuses are mentioned in the text?
Four
What component of the nose is lined with modified skin and coarse hair?
External nose
Where are the turbinates located in the nose?
On the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
What is the main function of the vocal folds?
To act as a primary source of sound production
What is the bony part above the nasal cavity?
Frontal bone
How many rings make up the right main bronchi?
8
What is the approximate diameter of the trachea?
2.5 cm
Which ligament prevents swallowed material from moving into the larynx?
Vestibular fold and ligament
What is the extrinsic function of the muscles that move the larynx and vocal cords?
To move the larynx and vocal cords
Why are the right main bronchi shorter, wider, and have fewer rings compared to the left?
Due to anatomical differences such as being more vertical
What is the main function of the respiratory mucous membrane in the nose passage?
Cleansing the air
Which part of the pharynx opens to the trachea inferiorly?
Laryngopharynx
What is the function of the Eustachian tube?
Balancing air pressure
Which region of the larynx is responsible for sound production?
Glottis
Which structures compose the sphincter located below the tongue and oral cavity?
Cartilages, membranes, and muscles
How many cuneiform cartilages are present in the larynx?
Five
Study Notes
Upper Airway Components
- Consists of: nose, para-nasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx
- Para-nasal sinuses: 8 in total, including maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, and sphenoid sinuses
- Nose: external nose, nostrils, septum, nasal cavity, and vestibule
- Pharynx: composed of three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Bony Part of the Nose
- Nasal bone: forms the upper part of the nasal cavity
- Nasal part of the frontal bone: forms the upper part of the nasal cavity
- Frontal part of the maxilla: forms the upper part of the nasal cavity
Hyaline Cartilage
- Forms the lower part of the nasal cavity
- Lined with mucous membrane containing olfactory nerve endings
Larynx and Vocal Cords
- Muscles that move the larynx and vocal cords are extrinsic and intrinsic
- Functions of larynx: maintain an open passageway for air movement, prevent swallowed material from entering the larynx, and are the primary source of sound production
- Vocal folds: responsible for sound production
Lower Respiratory Tract
- Consists of: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
- Trachea: approximately 2.5 cm in diameter, 12 cm long, and shaped like a C with 20 rings
- Bronchi: right and left main bronchi, with the right being shorter and wider with fewer rings
Bronchi and Trachea
- Main bronchi: right and left, with the right having approximately 8 rings and the left having approximately 12 rings
- Trachea extends from the larynx superiorly to bifurcate into the right and left main bronchi inferiorly
Respiratory Mucous Membrane
- Functions: cleanse the air, humidify, warm, and facilitate smell
- Found in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
Test your knowledge on the components of the upper airway, including the nose, para nasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. Identify structures such as external nose, nostrils, septum, nasal cavity, turbinates, and various sinuses.
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