Questions and Answers
What is irrigation?
The application of water to create a condition in the soil that is favorable for plant growth.
What is drainage?
The removal of excess water from the soil to create conditions favorable for crop growth.
What is soil texture?
The relative proportion of primary particles (sand, silt, and clay) in the soil.
What is porosity?
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How is bulk density (ρB) defined?
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What is specific gravity in the context of soil?
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The moisture content on a dry weight basis is denoted as ______.
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Match the following soil properties with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Farm Irrigation and Drainage
- Irrigation involves applying water to soil to enhance conditions for plant growth, addressing moisture deficits not met by rainfall.
- Drainage refers to the removal of excess water from soil to improve crop growth conditions.
Objectives
- Understanding farm irrigation and drainage enhances knowledge of crop-water relationships and timing of water application.
Basic Soil and Water Relations
- Total volume of the soil system (VT) comprises air (Va), water (Vw), and soil particles (Vs).
- Void volume (VV) includes air and water.
- Total wet weight of the soil (WT) consists of air weight (Wa, negligible), water weight (Ww), and dry soil particle weight (Ws).
Soil Properties
- Soil Texture: Proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles in soil influence drainage and moisture retention.
- Soil Structure: Arrangement of soil particles into units or peds affects water movement and root growth.
Porosity
- Defined as the ratio of void volume (VV) to total soil volume (VT) and impacts water retention and drainage efficiency.
Moisture Content
- Dry weight basis (mcw): Weight of water to dry soil weight.
- Volumetric moisture content (mcv): Volume of water to total soil volume, indicating water availability for plants.
Densities
- Bulk Density (ρB): Ratio of dry weight of soil (Ws) to total soil volume (VT); indicates soil compaction and porosity.
- Particle Density (ρP): Ratio of dry weight of soil (Ws) to volume of soil particles (Vs); essential for understanding material properties.
Specific Gravities
- Apparent Specific Gravity (As): Ratio of bulk density to water density, helpful for comparing soil and water weights.
- Real Specific Gravity (Rs): Ratio of particle density to water density, indicating the compactness of soil particles.
Importance
- Knowledge of these fundamentals is essential for effective irrigation management and soil conservation practices, critical for supporting agricultural productivity.
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Description
This reviewer covers various topics related to agriculture, including farm irrigation, soil conservation, basic statistics, and aquaculture. Ideal for students preparing for the UPLB exams. Strengthen your knowledge across essential agricultural engineering subjects.
