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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a criteria for classification of viruses?
Which of the following is NOT a criteria for classification of viruses?
- Morphology
- Host organism
- Cellular structure (correct)
- Genome type
What is the difference between +ssRNA and -ssRNA?
What is the difference between +ssRNA and -ssRNA?
- The presence of a protein coat
- The presence of an envelope
- The size of the RNA molecule
- The orientation of the RNA strand (correct)
What is the key enzyme involved in retrovirus function?
What is the key enzyme involved in retrovirus function?
- Ligase
- RNA polymerase
- DNA polymerase
- Reverse transcriptase (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a component of a virus?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a virus?
What are the three forms of a capsid?
What are the three forms of a capsid?
What is the difference between virulent and temperate phages?
What is the difference between virulent and temperate phages?
What is uncoating in the context of viral replication?
What is uncoating in the context of viral replication?
How do enveloped and non-enveloped viruses differ in terms of penetration?
How do enveloped and non-enveloped viruses differ in terms of penetration?
What is a retrovirus?
What is a retrovirus?
How are animal viruses cultivated?
How are animal viruses cultivated?
How are bacteriophages cultivated?
How are bacteriophages cultivated?
What are plaques in the context of viral replication?
What are plaques in the context of viral replication?
How do scientists detect viruses?
How do scientists detect viruses?
Which of the following is NOT a step of bacteriophage replication?
Which of the following is NOT a step of bacteriophage replication?
What is the difference between +ssRNA and -ssRNA?
What is the difference between +ssRNA and -ssRNA?
What is a bacteriophage?
What is a bacteriophage?
What would cause a temperate phage to switch to the lytic cycle?
What would cause a temperate phage to switch to the lytic cycle?
What is meant by host range?
What is meant by host range?
What are the criteria for classification of viruses?
What are the criteria for classification of viruses?
What is a viral growth curve?
What is a viral growth curve?
How are animal viruses cultivated?
How are animal viruses cultivated?
What are virioids?
What are virioids?
What are virusoids?
What are virusoids?
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Study Notes
Virus Classification
- Criteria for classification of viruses do not include shape, size, and other physical characteristics.
RNA Viruses
- +ssRNA viruses have a single-stranded RNA molecule that can act as messenger RNA, while -ssRNA viruses have a single-stranded RNA molecule that must be transcribed into mRNA.
- Retroviruses are a type of -ssRNA virus that uses the reverse transcriptase enzyme to convert its RNA genome into DNA.
Virus Structure
- A virus does not have a cellular membrane.
- The three forms of a capsid are helical, icosahedral, and complex.
Phages
- Virulent phages always cause lysis, whereas temperate phages can enter a dormant state, called lysogeny.
- Uncoating is the process of removing the viral protein coat, allowing the viral genome to be released into the host cell.
Penetration
- Enveloped viruses use membrane fusion to penetrate the host cell, while non-enveloped viruses use receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Virus Cultivation
- Animal viruses are cultivated in cell culture or in embryonated eggs.
- Bacteriophages are cultivated in bacterial cultures.
Virus Detection
- Viruses are detected through various methods, including observation of cytopathic effects, hemagglutination, and PCR.
- Plaques are areas of lysed bacteria on an agar plate, used to quantify bacteriophages.
Bacteriophage Replication
- A step that is not part of bacteriophage replication is binary fission.
Retroviruses
- A retrovirus is a type of virus that converts its RNA genome into DNA, which is then integrated into the host genome.
Host Range
- Host range refers to the range of species that a virus can infect.
Viral Growth Curve
- A viral growth curve is a graphical representation of the growth of a virus over time, showing the stages of eclipse, latent, and lytic phases.
Other
- Viroids are small, single-stranded RNA molecules that infect plants, lacking a protein coat.
- Virusoids are small, single-stranded RNA molecules that are dependent on a helper virus for replication.
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