Unveiling the Power of mRNA Vaccines

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Which process produces siRNAs that silence complementary sequences?

RNA Interference (correct)

Gene disruption/knockout

Synthetic siRNAs

microRNA (miRNA)

What is the main function of synthetic siRNAs?

To protect the germline from transposable elements

To introduce mutated genes to embryonic stem cells

To produce a transient outcome by targeting mRNA (correct)

To block post-transcriptional expression of genes

Which method of vaccine production involves making recombinant gene to produce recombinant protein as vaccine?

Traditional method (correct)

Kariko & Weissman method

Bivalent vaccines

mRNA vaccines

What is the role of microRNA (miRNA) in gene expression?

To bind to mRNA and prevent the protein from being translated (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which scientists discovered that base-modified mRNA can be used to block activation of inflammatory reactions?

Kariko & Weissman (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor of siRNA that forms a hairpin loop?

shRNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of using lipid nanoparticles for delivering mRNA vaccines?

Both A and B (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA)?

To protect genome integrity from transposable elements (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which companies used lipid nanoparticles with PEG in their mRNA vaccines?

Moderna & Pfizer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme complex binds to siRNA and attaches to the guide strand?

RISC (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of mRNA vaccines?

Need for low temperature (C) Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is part of the RISC and cleaves and degrades mRNA?

Argonaute (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are commonly used as eukaryotic model organisms for genome editing?

Mus musculus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Dicer in RNA interference?

To produce siRNAs from dsRNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the classic way of genome editing that involves changing DNA at a desired position using a PCR-based technique?

Site-directed mutagenesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA contains the genetic information for protein translation?

mRNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cassette mutagenesis in genome editing?

Introduce variety of mutations to a gene of interest (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of synthetic siRNAs as a treatment?

They only produce a transient outcome (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between random and targeted insertion in genome editing using viral vectors?

Targeted insertion can occur anywhere in the genome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of knockout mice in genome editing?

Study genetic diseases and efficacy of treatments (B) Signup and view all the answers