Untreated Pain Effects Quiz

<p>Anxiety and suffering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determining the patient's favorite activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CSU Canine Acute Pain Scale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urinary retention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tachycardia and hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce pain by interrupting nociception (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Targeting multiple pain receptors and mechanisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2-4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleep is crucial for recovery and healing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Morphine combined with injectable NSAID (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Throughout the entire hospital stay and at home (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reaction to temperature changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animals do not feel pain when sleeping. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severity and type of pain, patient condition, route of delivery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fight-or-flight-freeze response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent lying down (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post Abdominal Surgery Pain Assessment Scale (PASPAS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fentanyl and meloxicam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grooming behaviors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavioral changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opioids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buprenorphine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By blocking sodium-gated channels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the most potent analgesics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may worsen gastrointestinal conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To decrease the release of norepinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 to 30 minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remove an equal amount from the bag. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opioid administration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It anticipates pain before it occurs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each patient may require different levels of analgesia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring cardiovascular status and mentation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysphoria involves unpleasant thoughts induced by drugs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to uncontrolled pain in the patient. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor the patient's status and adjust pain management. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>16.67 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3.33 mg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.33 mL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8.06 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>531.96 mcg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10.64 mL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>69.21 mL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>922.80 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>15.38 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Set up equation and assess units (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remove the same volume of fluid from the bag (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It necessitates conversions for accuracy before calculations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure all doses are in compatible units. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convert to mcg/hr before calculating total dosage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reducing pain by interrupting pain signals at one or more levels (transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception).

Using more than one drug to control pain—targeting multiple receptors and mechanisms of action to reduce individual drug doses and anesthetic agents.

Combining different medications like acetaminophen/codeine, fentanyl/meloxicam, or morphine/NSAID for varying pain levels and needs.

Analgesia is needed throughout the entire hospitalization period, including pre-surgery, surgery, post-surgery, and recovery at home.

Choice of drug depends on pain severity, type, patient condition, and route of administration.

Pain triggers a stress response, causing animals to display 'fight', 'flight', or 'freeze' physical responses.

Animals show behavioral responses to pain, such as changes in posture, vocalizations, or reduced activity.

A neurological component that influences heat, cold, stretching, and compression.

Untreated pain in critical care patients can cause immune suppression, slower wound healing, increased anesthetic needs, and overall patient suffering.

Pain triggers a stress response through the sympathetic nervous system, leading to hormonal changes and neurotransmitter release that affect vital organs.

Untreated pain causes tachycardia (fast heart rate), hypertension (high blood pressure), and potential arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats).

Assessing pain involves observing behaviors (like facial expressions), vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, respiration), and palpating for painful areas.

Pain assessment can use various tools: visual analogue scales, numeric rating scales, specific pain scales for dogs/cats.

Pain scales consider behavioral responses, palpation responses, and body tension for a complete pain assessment.

Chronic pain can weaken the immune system, making the patient more susceptible to infections.

Untreated pain can hinder the body's natural healing processes, leading to slower wound healing.

A tool used to assess pain in dogs, cats, and horses based on several observable behaviors.

A sleeping animal, at least transiently, is not experiencing pain. Sleep is a crucial part of recovery and healing.

A tool to assess pain in cats by observing specific facial expressions and body postures.

A pain scale used for horses after abdominal surgery, evaluating physiological, postural, interactive, and food-related behaviors.

A scale used to assess pain in horses with orthopedic conditions, focusing on physical, behavioral, and treatment responses.

Veterinarians are advised to review and adjust pain management plans for animals with a Colorado Pain Score of 2-4.

Pain assessment is vital in veterinary practice to ensure animals receive appropriate pain management and promote optimal recovery.

A strategy combining different pain medications to target multiple pain pathways, which enhances pain relief and minimizes side effects.

Adding medication to a bag/burette requires removing an equal volume to avoid dilution, maintaining accurate proportions. This should be done before priming to prevent multiple priming steps.

Using non-medicinal methods to address physical pain and emotional distress. This includes things like comfort, emotional support, distraction, and reassessing the patient's comfort level after addressing physical and emotional needs.

These are non-medicinal methods used to manage pain. Examples include good nursing care with proper hygiene and bandages, acupuncture, laser therapy, physical therapy, massage, and cold compresses or circulating ice water.

Guidelines for pain management in veterinary patients, emphasizing comprehensive pain assessment, preemptive pain management, appropriate pain management for expected pain levels and duration, and treatment of both acute and chronic pain.

Each patient requires tailored pain management based on individual factors, and may need more analgesia than initially expected.

Opioids are easily reversible, meaning their effects can be managed or eliminated if needed. It's easier to reduce pain management in a comfortable patient than to catch up on a patient experiencing pain.

Closely monitoring cardiovascular status and mental state is crucial for effective pain management. It helps ensure that analgesics are effectively reducing pain without causing harmful side effects.

Providing comprehensive care beyond just medications. This includes managing complications and side effects of treatment, addressing pain and stress, and treating any adverse consequences.

Pain relievers that work by attaching to and activating opioid receptors in the body, effectively reducing pain signals.

Opioids that fully activate mu opioid receptors, providing the most potent pain relief.

Opioids that partially activate mu receptors, offering some pain relief but less than full agonists.

Pain relievers that act on both central and peripheral nervous systems, reducing pain, inflammation, and fever.

Pain relievers that block sodium channels in nerve fibers, preventing pain signals from traveling.

Applying pain relief directly to the skin or mucous membranes to manage minor procedure pain.

Pain relievers that decrease the release of norepinephrine, reducing pain signals in the brain and spinal cord.

Pain relievers that work on NMDA receptors involved in pain transmission and perception.

A formula used to calculate the precise amount of medication to add to an IV bag for a specific patient based on their weight, desired dose, and fluid rate.

The length of time an IV bag will last, calculated by dividing the bag's volume by the fluid rate.

The strength of a drug solution, expressed as the amount of drug per unit volume (e.g., mg/mL).

Ensuring that the units of measurement in the drug's dose, concentration, and time are consistent in the equation.

Changing division signs (/) to multiplication signs (*) in the drug dosing equation.

Changing micrograms (mcg) to milligrams (mg) by dividing the mcg value by 1000.

Transforming a percentage (%) solution into a concentration of milligrams per milliliter (mg/mL).

The speed at which fluid is being delivered from an IV bag, typically measured in milliliters per hour (mL/hr).

The amount of medication a patient receives, expressed as a rate per unit of weight and time (e.g., mg/kg/hr or mcg/kg/min).

The amount of medication solution (in mL) to add to the IV bag, determined by dividing the desired dosage by the drug concentration.

Ensuring that the units of measurement in the prescribed dose and the drug's concentration are compatible.

Verifying that the time units in the prescribed dose and the fluid rate are consistent (typically both in hours or minutes).

The total volume of fluid contained in the IV bag, usually measured in milliliters (mL) or liters (L).

The critical step of removing a volume of fluid from the IV bag equal to the volume of medication added to ensure the drug is properly diluted.