CELL BIOLOGY

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Questions and Answers

Match the terminology:

Atomic = – smallest unit in the body that houses organelles required to function Molecular = most simple level Cellular = – group of similar cells that perform a similar function. 4 major types – nervous, connective tissue, muscle, epithelial tissue Tissue = groups of atoms come together to form molecules

Match the terminology:

Organs = – different organs work together to meet a body need eg. Respiratory system or cardiovascular system Cells = – made up of all the systems working together Organ system = – different types of tissues together form an organ Organism = are the building blocks of all living things

the function of a cell will?

  • determine what type of RNA will be produced
  • will determine cell shape and structure and what organelles are predominant (correct)
  • will determine the ATP
  • will determine the shape of the cell

cells are made up of essentially the same structures?

<p>Cell (plasma) membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm (containing organelles)</p> Signup and view all the answers

cell plasma membrane Allows some molecules to pass, but blocks others

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules can diffuse rapidly through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane?

<p>Small hydrophobic molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules require specific transmembrane proteins for passage through the cell membrane?

<p>Highly charged molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of cell membranes in protecting the cell?

<p>Shielding the cell from harmful substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins are responsible for regulating what enters and exits the cell?

<p>Membrane transport proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins in the cell membrane have communication-related functions?

<p>Transmembrane proteins binding signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the fluid mosaic model, what is the dynamic nature of cell membranes attributed to?

<p>Lateral movement of lipids and proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the structure of cell membranes?

<p>Cell membranes are composed of a bilayer of phospholipids with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the semipermeable nature of cell membranes?

<p>To control the movement of molecules in and out of the cell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is not typically found in cell membranes?

<p>Cellulose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of cholesterol in cell membranes?

<p>To provide structural stability and fluidity to the membrane. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the composition of cell membranes is correct?

<p>The proportion of lipids in cell membranes is approximately 50% but can vary depending on the type of membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proteins in cell membranes?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

<p>To allow for the selective diffusion of hydrophobic molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of the cell membrane is responsible for its selective permeability?

<p>The presence of transmembrane proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport process in the cell membrane requires the expenditure of energy?

<p>Active transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the hydrophobic tails of the lipid molecules in the cell membrane?

<p>To shield the hydrophilic heads from the aqueous environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules can easily pass through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane?

<p>Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of facilitated diffusion in the cell membrane?

<p>To assist the movement of particular molecules across the membrane by binding to them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a semipermeable membrane in the context of a cell?

<p>Regulating the flow of materials into and out of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the composition of the cell membrane?

<p>Consists of a phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the semipermeable nature of the cell membrane important for cellular function?

<p>To maintain a balance of nutrients within the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature enables a semipermeable membrane to selectively allow substances to pass through?

<p>Specific arrangement of phospholipids in the lipid bilayer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a semipermeable membrane contribute to cellular integrity?

<p>By selectively controlling the flow of materials into and out of the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of a semipermeable membrane is essential for separating the interior of a cell from its external environment?

<p>The hydrophobic tails in the phospholipid bilayer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

what are the cell membrane extensions?

<p>Cilia, Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

match the following:

<p>Flagella = Act to move fluid, mucus, cell debris across a cell surface eg. lungs Cilia = One larger extension on individual cells Flagella = Like little mobile hairs that extend from the cell surface of a group of cells Cilia = Propel cells allowing movement eg. sperm cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

what cell does not contain a nucleus?

<p>red blood cells, RBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Nucleus is also known as?

<p>“Control centre” of the cell that contains genetic material – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)  cell division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nuclear membrane Contains selective ________that allow for the exchange of material between the nucleus and cytoplasm

<p>pores</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nuclear membrane is __________ membrane around the nucleus

<p>Semi-permeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

where is the Nucleolus ?

<p>inside the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RNA stand for?

<p>Ribonucleic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the Nucleolus?

<p>Sites of ribosome production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomes then migrate to the cytoplasm through_______ into cytoplasm

<p>nuclear pores</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chromatin is the cells genetic material

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chromosomes and their component genes control _________ and most____________ .

<p>cellular structure,cellular activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Math the following :

<p>Cytosol – = the substance of the cell with organelles Cytoskeleton = – “little organs” that have specialised functions Organelles = viscous fluid Cytoplasm = – gives support and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cytoskeleton function is ?

<p>Gives support and shape, enables movement, anchors organelles within the cytosol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cytoskeleton is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" that crisscrosses the cytoplasm.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

match the following words:

<p>Microtubules = to cause contraction in muscle cells Cytoplasm = protein keratin are found in skin, hair, and nails cells Microfilaments = re hollow cylinders and are the thickest of the cytoskeleton structures Intermediate filaments = Flexible, protein fibrils that can change with the needs of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Mitochondria is also known as?

<p>Powerhouse” of the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Cellular (aerobic) respiration the cell uses oxygen (O2) to break down glucose, producing ____________ energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) as a waste product

<p>adenosine triphosphate (ATP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cells that have high energy demands like muscles have higher concentrations of mitochondria in their cytoplasm

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

what are ribosomes?

<p>Cytoplasmic organelles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is ribosomes made?

<p>Made in the nucleolus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomes are released through nuclear pores into the cytoplasm

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are ribosomes found?

<p>Free in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are ribosomes found?

<p>Attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ribosomes made from?

<p>Made up of protein and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with each other?

<p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) = Studded with ribosomes (makes it “rough”) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) = Manufactures lipids, phospholipids, and hormones and other substances needed by the body Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) = Production and modification of proteins – packages the proteins into vesicles to be transported to Golgi apparatus Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) = Not as common</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cytoplasmic organelles the Golgi apparatus/Golgi body properties ?

<p>Receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cytoplasmic organelles the Golgi apparatus/Golgi body properties ?

<p>modifies and packages the proteins in vesicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Golgi apparatus/Golgi body, Sends the vesicles to where they are needed – within the cell or to the extracellular space

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Golgi apparatus/Golgi body Also produces _________ – vesicles with digestive enzymes

<p>lysosymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cytoplasmic inclusions

<p>Lysosomes = – Lining cells. Covers all internal (hollow organs, body cavities) and external body surfaces eg. skin, lining of blood vessels inclusions formed = – type of vesicle that contains digestive enzymes that break down materials within the cell. Used to remove damaged organelles etc Vesicles, vacuoles = during any intracellular process where something is produced in one organelle and needs to be stored or transported elsewhere Epithelial = sac formed by a membrane that function in storage and transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

Four main types of tissues:

<p>Epithelial – = connects, separates and supports other tissue types eg. fat, tendon, ligaments, tendons, fascia etc Connective Tissue – = brain, spinal cord and nerves Muscle – = smooth muscle (organs), cardiac (heart muscle), skeletal muscle (attached to bones) Nervous – = Lining cells. Covers all internal (hollow organs, body cavities) and external body surfaces eg. skin, lining of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a group of cells called?

<p>tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Group of several types of tissues that come together to perform a function

<p>organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Integumentary system is?

<p>Skin, mucosa, hair, feathers, scales, beaks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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