CELL BIOLOGY

Atomic = – smallest unit in the body that houses organelles required to function Molecular = most simple level Cellular = – group of similar cells that perform a similar function. 4 major types – nervous, connective tissue, muscle, epithelial tissue Tissue = groups of atoms come together to form molecules

Organs = – different organs work together to meet a body need eg. Respiratory system or cardiovascular system Cells = – made up of all the systems working together Organ system = – different types of tissues together form an organ Organism = are the building blocks of all living things

<p>Cell (plasma) membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm (containing organelles)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small hydrophobic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Highly charged molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shielding the cell from harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membrane transport proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmembrane proteins binding signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral movement of lipids and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell membranes are composed of a bilayer of phospholipids with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control the movement of molecules in and out of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide structural stability and fluidity to the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The proportion of lipids in cell membranes is approximately 50% but can vary depending on the type of membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow for the selective diffusion of hydrophobic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of transmembrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To shield the hydrophilic heads from the aqueous environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assist the movement of particular molecules across the membrane by binding to them</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating the flow of materials into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consists of a phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain a balance of nutrients within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific arrangement of phospholipids in the lipid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By selectively controlling the flow of materials into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hydrophobic tails in the phospholipid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cilia, Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flagella = Act to move fluid, mucus, cell debris across a cell surface eg. lungs Cilia = One larger extension on individual cells Flagella = Like little mobile hairs that extend from the cell surface of a group of cells Cilia = Propel cells allowing movement eg. sperm cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>red blood cells, RBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>“Control centre” of the cell that contains genetic material – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)  cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pores</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semi-permeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>inside the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribonucleic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sites of ribosome production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nuclear pores</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cellular structure,cellular activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytosol – = the substance of the cell with organelles Cytoskeleton = – “little organs” that have specialised functions Organelles = viscous fluid Cytoplasm = – gives support and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gives support and shape, enables movement, anchors organelles within the cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microtubules = to cause contraction in muscle cells Cytoplasm = protein keratin are found in skin, hair, and nails cells Microfilaments = re hollow cylinders and are the thickest of the cytoskeleton structures Intermediate filaments = Flexible, protein fibrils that can change with the needs of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Powerhouse” of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>adenosine triphosphate (ATP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoplasmic organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Made in the nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Made up of protein and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) = Studded with ribosomes (makes it “rough”) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) = Manufactures lipids, phospholipids, and hormones and other substances needed by the body Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) = Production and modification of proteins – packages the proteins into vesicles to be transported to Golgi apparatus Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) = Not as common</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>modifies and packages the proteins in vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lysosymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes = – Lining cells. Covers all internal (hollow organs, body cavities) and external body surfaces eg. skin, lining of blood vessels inclusions formed = – type of vesicle that contains digestive enzymes that break down materials within the cell. Used to remove damaged organelles etc Vesicles, vacuoles = during any intracellular process where something is produced in one organelle and needs to be stored or transported elsewhere Epithelial = sac formed by a membrane that function in storage and transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial – = connects, separates and supports other tissue types eg. fat, tendon, ligaments, tendons, fascia etc Connective Tissue – = brain, spinal cord and nerves Muscle – = smooth muscle (organs), cardiac (heart muscle), skeletal muscle (attached to bones) Nervous – = Lining cells. Covers all internal (hollow organs, body cavities) and external body surfaces eg. skin, lining of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin, mucosa, hair, feathers, scales, beaks</p> Signup and view all the answers