Laboratory Methods of Preparation of Alcohols

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Questions and Answers

What is the general reaction for acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes?

R-CH=CH + H2O => R-CH2-OH

R-CH=CH + H2O => R-CH(OH)-CH3 (correct)

R-CH=CH + H2O => R-CH2-CH2-OH

R-CH=CH + H2O => R-CH3-CH2-OH

Tertiary alcohols are easily oxidized to form ketones.

False

What is the product of the hydrolysis of esters with KOH?

Alcohols

The reaction of alcohols with active metals such as Li, Na, and K forms ______________ and H2.

metal alkoxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the oxidation of primary alcohols with strong oxidation agents?

Carboxylic acids Signup and view all the answers

Dehydration of alcohols forms alkyl halides.

False Signup and view all the answers

Match the following laboratory methods of preparation of alcohols with their corresponding reactions:

Acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes = R-CH=CH + H2O => R-CH(OH)-CH3 Hydrolysis of alkyl halides = R-CH2-X + NaOH => R-CH2-OH + NaX Hydrolysis of Esters = R-COOR' + KOH => R-COOK + R'-OH Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction of alcohols with HX?

Alkyl halides Signup and view all the answers

The oxidation of secondary alcohols yields ______________.

ketones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of preparation of alcohols in the laboratory?

Acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes Signup and view all the answers

Alcohols react with active metals to form alkyl halides and H2.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the hydrolysis of alkyl halides?

Alcohols Signup and view all the answers

Heating esters with ______________ produces alcohols.

KOH Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the oxidation of secondary alcohols?

Ketones Signup and view all the answers

Tertiary alcohols are resistant to oxidation.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the cleavage of the CO bond in alcohols?

Dehydration of alcohols and formation of alkanes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following laboratory methods of preparation of alcohols with their corresponding reactants:

Acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes = Alkenes Hydrolysis of alkyl halides = Alkyl halides Hydrolysis of Esters = Esters Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction of alcohols with HX?

Alkyl halides Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Laboratory Methods of Preparation of Alcohols

Alcohols can be prepared by acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes, resulting in the formation of R-CH(OH)-CH3.
Hydrolysis of alkyl halides with NaOH produces alcohols, following the reaction R-CH2-X + NaOH => R-CH2-OH + NaX.
Hydrolysis of Esters with KOH produces alcohols, following the reaction R-COOR' + KOH => R-COOK + R'-OH.

Chemical Preparation of Alcohols

Chemical preparation involves the cleavage of the OH or CO bond.
Cleavage of OH bond can occur through reaction with active metals, resulting in the formation of metal alkoxide and H2, following the reaction 2R-CH2-OH + 2M => 2R-CH2OM + H2.
Oxidation of alcohols depends on the type of alcohol and the nature of oxidation agents.
Primary alcohols can be oxidized to yield aldehydes with mild agents and carboxylic acids with strong oxidation agents.
Secondary alcohols can be oxidized to yield ketones.
Tertiary alcohols are generally resistant to oxidation, but can yield carboxylic acids under drastic conditions.
Cleavage of CO bond can occur through dehydration of alcohols, resulting in the formation of alkanes and water, following the reaction R-CH2-CH2-OH => R-CH=CH2 + H2O.
Alcohols can react with HX to form alkylhalides, following the reaction R-CH2-OH + HX => R-CH2-X + H2O.

Laboratory Methods of Preparation of Alcohols

Alcohols can be prepared by acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes, resulting in the formation of R-CH(OH)-CH3.
Hydrolysis of alkyl halides with NaOH produces alcohols, following the reaction R-CH2-X + NaOH => R-CH2-OH + NaX.
Hydrolysis of Esters with KOH produces alcohols, following the reaction R-COOR' + KOH => R-COOK + R'-OH.

Chemical Preparation of Alcohols

Chemical preparation involves the cleavage of the OH or CO bond.
Cleavage of OH bond can occur through reaction with active metals, resulting in the formation of metal alkoxide and H2, following the reaction 2R-CH2-OH + 2M => 2R-CH2OM + H2.
Oxidation of alcohols depends on the type of alcohol and the nature of oxidation agents.
Primary alcohols can be oxidized to yield aldehydes with mild agents and carboxylic acids with strong oxidation agents.
Secondary alcohols can be oxidized to yield ketones.
Tertiary alcohols are generally resistant to oxidation, but can yield carboxylic acids under drastic conditions.
Cleavage of CO bond can occur through dehydration of alcohols, resulting in the formation of alkanes and water, following the reaction R-CH2-CH2-OH => R-CH=CH2 + H2O.
Alcohols can react with HX to form alkylhalides, following the reaction R-CH2-OH + HX => R-CH2-X + H2O.

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Description

Learn about the different laboratory methods of preparing alcohols, including acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes, hydrolysis of alkyl halides, and hydrolysis of esters.