Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the function of the cell membrane in a cell?
regulates what enters and leaves the cell
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?
generate ATP
What type of cell division produces four non-identical daughter cells?
meiosis
What is the term for the movement of molecules from high to low concentration?
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What is the function of the ribosomes in a cell?
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What is the term for the process by which cells respond to changes in their environment?
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What is the outcome of meiosis in terms of the number and genetic makeup of the resulting cells?
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What is the role of gametophytes in the life cycle of plants?
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What is the significance of pollination in terms of genetic diversity?
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What is the result of fertilization in plants?
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What are the three main components of a seed?
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What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis I?
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Study Notes
Cell Biology
Cell Structure
- Cell membrane: semi-permeable, regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Cytoplasm: gel-like substance inside the cell membrane, site of metabolic reactions
- Nucleus: control center of the cell, contains DNA
- Mitochondria: energy-producing organelles, generate ATP
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): synthesizes proteins and lipids
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: contain digestive enzymes, break down waste and foreign substances
- Golgi apparatus: processes and packages proteins and lipids for transport
- Cytoskeleton: provides structural support, shape, and movement
Cell Functions
- Metabolism: energy conversion, biosynthesis, and degradation of molecules
- Transportation: movement of molecules in and out of the cell
- Signaling: communication between cells, through hormones, neurotransmitters, and signaling pathways
- Reproduction: cell division, growth, and differentiation
- Response to stimuli: cells respond to changes in their environment
Cell Division
- Mitosis: somatic cell division, produces two identical daughter cells
- Meiosis: reproductive cell division, produces four non-identical daughter cells
- Interphase: cell growth, replication of DNA, and preparation for cell division
- Cytokinesis: separation of daughter cells, follows mitosis or meiosis
Cellular Transport
- Passive transport: movement of molecules from high to low concentration
- Diffusion: random movement of molecules
- Osmosis: movement of water molecules
- Active transport: movement of molecules from low to high concentration
- Carrier proteins: transport molecules against concentration gradient
- Pumps: transport molecules against concentration gradient, using energy
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Description
Test your knowledge of cell structure, functions, division, and transport mechanisms. From mitochondria to meiosis, get familiar with the basics of cell biology.
