Ancient Indian Civilization and Culture

Mohenjo-Daro and Harappan Civilizations were present-day Pakistan and were planned urban communities.
The remains of these civilizations were found by archaeologists.
Varanasi is the oldest and continuously inhabited city in the world.

Hindu Family System is the basis of Hindu society and a typical symbol of Bharateeya culture.
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam teaches us that family is the basic building block for a peaceful society.
Family helps us to face the outside world and makes us good individuals.

Sanskrit is the mother of 1652 languages.
Sanskrit scripts are used in countries like Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia.
Panini is the father of linguistics and discovered phonetics, phonology, and morphology in the 5th century BCE.
Panini's Sanskrit grammar is still the most complete and sophisticated of any language in the world.

Vedic Literature consists of 4 Vedas, 6 Vedangas, and 4 Upavedas.
The 4 Vedas are Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva.
The 6 Vedangas are Siksha, Nirukta, Vyakarna, Chchandas, Kalpa, and Jyotish.
The 4 Upavedas are Ayurveda, Dhanurveda, Gandharva Veda, and Stapathya Veda.
Great Epics include Ramayana and Mahabharatha, which are still famous today.
Kalidasa is known as the "Shakespeare of India" and is one of the greatest poets and dramatists in the world.
Other famous writers and poets include Vishnu Sharma, Banabhatta, Bhasa, Jayadeva, Ashvaghosha, Thiruvalluvar, and Sarvajana.

Gana sangha or equal Assembly is a representative form of organized democracy established before the Athenian Republic.
The 'panchayat' system is an assembly of five wise and respected elders that started as a form of localized grassroots level democracy 3000 years ago.
Ram Rajya is a concept of democratic system where the ruler rules as per the wish of the people.

The Arthashastra is a Sanskrit treatise on statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy written by Kautilya or Vishnugupta Chanakya.
Arthashas is a complete depiction of the rural economy of ancient Bharat, covering topics like agriculture, land relations, cottage industries, and economic structures.
Amartya Sen and Abhijit Banerjee are Nobel laureates who have analyzed various economic problems and issues.

The Gurukulam System is a system of education where wisdom is transferred from teacher to students.
8 universities that flourished in ancient Bharat followed the Gurukula system, including Takshashila, Nalanda, Vikramshila, Valabhi, Samapura, Jagaddala, and Odantapur.

Sama Veda is the foundation of Bharat's classical music tradition, which includes Hindustani and Carnatic.
The Sama Veda and Bharatamuni's Natyashastra are ancient Hindu texts dedicated to the fine arts.
Bharateeya music uses the concept of octaves, which is popular even today.
Bharateeya classical music includes instruments like Sitar, Veena, Flute, and Tanpura.
Bharateeya dance forms include Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kuchipudi, and Odissi.
India produces the largest number of films in the world, with almost 1800 movies every year.

Mohenjo-Daro and Harappan Civilizations were planned urban communities, with remains found by archaeologists in present-day Pakistan.
Varanasi is the oldest and continuously inhabited city in the world.

Hindu Family System is the basis of Hindu society and a typical symbol of Bharateeya culture.
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam teaches us how family is the basic building block for a peaceful society.
Family helps us to face the outside world and make us good individuals.
Festivals are important for Bharateeya culture.

Sanskrit is the mother of 1652 languages and is an official language in countries like Indonesia.
Panini is the father of linguistics, known for his discoveries in phonetics, phonology, and morphology in the 5th century BCE.
Panini's Sanskrit grammar is still the most complete and sophisticated of any language in the world.
His treatise, Ashtadhyayi, gives formal production rules and definitions to describe the formal grammar of Sanskrit.

Vedic Literature consists of 4 Vedas, 6 Vedangas, and 4 Upavedas, which contain all kinds of knowledge.
The Great Epics, Ramayana and Mahabharatha, are still very famous till date.
Vishnu Sharma wrote Panchatantra, which was translated to Arabic by Ibn-al-Muqaﬀa in the 7th-8th century and is considered one of the masterpieces of Arabic literature.
Kalidasa is known as the "Shakespeare of India" and is one of the greatest poets and dramatists in the world.
Other famous writers and poets include Banabhatta, Bhasa, Jayadeva, Ashvaghosha, and Thiruvalluvar.

Gana Sangha or equal Assembly was a representative form of organized democracy established before the Athenian Republic.
The Panchayat system is an assembly of five wise and respected elders, which started as a form of localized grassroots-level democracy 3000 years ago.
Ram Rajya is a concept of democratic system where the ruler rules as per the wish of the people.
Mahatma Gandhi himself dreamt of Ram Rajya.

The Arthashastra is a Sanskrit treatise on statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy written by Kautilya or Vishnugupta Chanakya.
It includes books on nature of government, law, criminal court systems, ethics, economics, markets, trade, and theories on world peace.
Amartya Sen and Abhijit Banerjee are Nobel laureates who have analyzed various economic problems and issues.

The Gurukulam system is a system of education where wisdom is transferred from teacher to students.
There were 8 universities that flourished in ancient Bharat, including Takshashila, Nalanda, Vikramshila, Valabhi, Samapura, Jagaddala, and Odantapur.
Salotgi in Vijaypura District of Karnataka was a famous center of Vedic learning that operated during the 10th-11th century CE.

Sama Veda is the most mathematically sound system of music that exists in the world.
The music concept has roots in the Sama Veda and is associated with many tunes playing throughout the ages.
Bharat's classical music tradition includes Hindustani and Carnatic.
The Sama Veda and Bharatamuni's Natyashastra are two ancient Hindu texts dedicated to the fine arts.
Bharateeya dance forms include Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kuchipudi, and Odissi.
India produces the largest number of films in the world, with almost 1800 movies every year.