Swallowing Anatomy and Physiology

What is dysphagia?

Food that has been processed through mastication and shaped with saliva (enzymes) before swallowing is known as _____?

Peristalsis truly occurs in the pharynx.

What is the term for the leftover food/liquid that remains after an attempt is made to pass the bolus through the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus?

What are the three majors types of dysphagia?

This type of dysphagia is caused by a mental disorder such as anorexia from psychosis, neurosis; also by anxiety disorders

What is neurogenic dysphagia?

Mechanical/anatomic dysphagia is the inability to chew or swallow due to damage to the anatomic structure(s) preventing the mechanical processing of food. Please provide two examples

Provide 2 examples of the underlying etiologies that cause acute dysphagia.

Provide 2 examples of the underlying etiologies that cause progressive dysphagia.

What causes dysphagia? (Dr.B's Swallowing 7)

Provide 4 signs/symptoms of dysphagia:

What are the three stages of swallowing?

Swallowing requires both anatomical and physiological control

Neural control is mediated by the cortex and brainstem. Where is the swallowing center?

The muscle of the soft palate help prevent food from entering into the nasopharynx as well as prematurely entering the pharynx*

What items/actions are responsible and help propel food through the pharynx?

During the _____ phase of swallowing, the hyoid is pulled up, which in turn elevates the larynx; The arytenoids move anteriorly to make contact with the epiglottis and close the laryngeal opening.

During the ____ phase of swallowing, individuals obtain pleasure from the taste, texture, temperature, and weight of the bolus

The esophageal stage of swallowing commences with the elevation of the larynx and constriction of the muscles of the the upper esophageal sphincter or segment (UES)

Which muscles are included in the suprahyoid muscle group?

The extrinsic muscles serve as an “anchor” for the larynx.

What two muscle groups are extrinsic?

What muscles are a part of the infrahyoids?

Infrahyoids should be stimulated during therapy

This muscles depresses and retracts the tongue; makes the dorsum more convex

This muscle prevents the bolus from leaking out of the mouth during the oral phase.

In the posterior oral cavity, it is the most stimulable area to trigger a swallow

Large u-shaped bone; attachment for extrinsic laryngeal muscles

What is the space created by the base of tongue and anterior side of epiglottis?

This CN is responsible for tongue function. Also the only cranial nerve that provides motor function.

This cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication and the mandible

This cranial nerve provides sensation to the face, nose, and mouth as well as taste sensation to the anterior ⅔ of the tongue.

This nerve provides sensation to the posterior ⅓ of the tongue; motor supply to the stylopharyngeus muscle (elevates the pharynx during swallowing)

What is the space created by the cricoid cartilage (anterior) and inferior pharyngeal constrictor and cricopharyngeal muscle as base? (pyramid shaped)

This cranial nerve mediates the cough response and sensation in the pharynx

Match the swallowing process to its responsible cranial nerve

U-shaped bone positioned horizontally in the neck at the level of C3

Match the muscle to its primary movement.

Which is the main muscle of chewing?

Match the muscle to its movement

Musculomembranous tube from skull to level of cricoid cartilage centrally and C6 dorsally

The primary function of the larynx is to produce speech.

Covered by mucous membrane that has characteristic folds

Match the structure to its description

The “airspace” above the level of the VF that is bounded by the posterior surface of the epiglottis; it is wide and triangular in shape.

Area of upper digestive tract that forms a barrier between the esophagus and the pharynx

During this phase, rotary and lateral tongue movements control placement of the bolus on the teeth and within the oral cavity.

The ______ phase is a series of steps occurring in well-organized, efficient, rapid manner to allow for safe, effective swallowing. This involuntary stage takes less than 1 sec.

Closure of the TVF occurs as the ______ tilt up and forward; at the same time, the tongue moves _________ to the close laryngeal vestibule.