Swine Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Sow = Adult female having had one or more litters Gilt = Female not having reached sexual maturity Boar = Intact adult male Pig = Refers to any swine other than sow, gilt, or boar

Barrow = Neutered adult male Stag = Male castrated after puberty Farrow = To give birth Swine = Refers to the porcine species

Piglet = Very young, small pig, generally from birth to weaning Shoat = Intact male, before puberty; sometimes used as a synonym for pig Pig = Young swine of either sex, less than 120 lb (about 4 months old) Hog = Large swine, more than 120 lb, of either sex; commercial swine producers usually prefer this term when referring to any size of swine

Worlds most consumed meat

<p>Pork</p> Signup and view all the answers

Downside of pasture management system

<p>Fewer animals produced per acre</p> Signup and view all the answers

Advantage of pasture management system

<p>Both A and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

Disadvantages of confinement units management systems

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

Swine management can be

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many litters to sows average per year

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average litter size

<p>9-10 pigs</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are the highest death losses within the entire pork industry

<p>Within 3-4 days of birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are pigs weaned

<p>3-4 weeks of age, 10-25# of body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

Post-weaning facility to 10 weeks of age (50# body weight)

<p>Nursery</p> Signup and view all the answers

50# to market weight (250#)

<p>Finishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maternal = large litter size, number of teats, milk production, maternal attitude (males can be ‘maternal type’ breed) Terminal = carcass composition, rapid maturing, feed efficiency 1 = 1 2 = 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Berkshire = black body; white snout, tail and legs, erect ears Chester white = all white, ears tipped forward Duroc = all red, drooping ears, slightly dished face Hampshire = black, white belt over shoulder region</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Berkshire = terminal breed—fast, efficient growth Chester white = maternal breed Duroc = terminal breed</p> <ul> <li>= -</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hampshire = terminal breed Landrace = maternal breed Pot bellied pig = Like miniature horses, these ‘boutique’ pets are often purchased by individuals having no knowledge of the care requirements of swine; most disease conditions seen in these pigs are directly attributable to poor management</p> <ul> <li>= -</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Landrace = white color, drooping ears, trim physique Yorkshire = white with erect ears and dished face Pot bellied pig = Adult weight 75-150 lbs, 3 feet long 1 = 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Yorkshire

<p>Maternal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hampshire

<p>Terminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Landrace

<p>Maternal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gestation period of the equine

<p>340 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gestation period of the bovine

<p>280-290 days (some breed variation)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gestation period of the porcine

<p>112-115 days // 3 mo +3 weeks + 3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gestation period of the ovine/caprine

<p>~150 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long (average) is the heat period of swine

<p>2 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often does the heat period of a cow occur

<p>20-21 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you synchronize gilts heat period

<p>Put them together in a pen next to a board</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is semen administered

<p>24 hours after first incidence and then 12 hours later</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is the gestation period of swine

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most farms are total confinement

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Iron is administered 48 hours after birth

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Iron is 24 hours after birth

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the best time for castration

<p>between 1 and 14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

Temperature range

<p>101-103.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pulse rate of a new born

<p>200-280/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is the pulse rate of adult swine

<p>60-90/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average respiration rate of adult swine

<p>10-24/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the respiration rate in very young swine

<p>up to 50/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

Age of female puberty

<p>4-8 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

Age of male puberty

<p>6-8 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

Time of first breeding is 7-9 months

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Estrous cycle length is 18-24 days

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Time of ovulation

<p>40-46 hours after the beginning of estrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

All babies should be delivered within ______________

<p>4-6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the preferred route for blood sampling in swine

<p>Lateral auricular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much blood can you pull from the orbital sinus

<p>5-10mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can subcutaneous injections be given to swine

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which side does the litter number go on

<p>Right</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Swine Management

  • Swine is the most consumed meat globally.
  • The pasture management system has its downsides, but it also offers advantages.

Advantages of Pasture Management System

  • Provides a more natural environment for swine.
  • Enhances animal welfare.

Disadvantages of Confinement Units Management Systems

  • Increases stress and disease spread among swine.
  • Can lead to environmental pollution.

Swine Breeding and Reproduction

  • Swine management can be done through various methods, including breeding and reproduction.
  • Sows average 2-3 litters per year.
  • Average litter size is 10-12 piglets.
  • Highest death losses occur within the first 3 days of life.
  • Piglets are weaned at 10-14 days old.
  • Post-weaning facilities care for piglets from 10 weeks to 50 pounds body weight.
  • Piglets are raised to market weight (250 pounds) from 50 pounds.

Swine Breeds

  • Yorkshire: a popular breed.
  • Hampshire: a popular breed.
  • Landrace: a popular breed.

Gestation Periods

  • Equine: 320-340 days.
  • Bovine: 280-290 days.
  • Porcine: 114 days.
  • Ovine/Caprine: 145-155 days.

Reproductive Cycles

  • Swine heat period lasts 2-3 days.
  • Heat period occurs every 18-24 days.
  • Gilts' heat period can be synchronized.
  • Semen is administered 2-3 days after estrus.
  • Swine gestation period is approximately 114 days.

Farm Management

  • Most farms use total confinement systems.
  • Iron is administered to piglets 48 hours after birth.
  • Castration is best done at 3-4 days old.
  • Ideal temperature range for swine is 50-70°F (10-21°C).

Health and Monitoring

  • Newborn pulse rate is 100-120 beats per minute.
  • Adult swine pulse rate is 60-80 beats per minute.
  • Average respiration rate of adult swine is 12-20 breaths per minute.
  • Respiration rate in very young swine is 20-30 breaths per minute.
  • Female puberty occurs at 5-6 months.
  • Male puberty occurs at 5-7 months.
  • Time of first breeding is 7-9 months.
  • Ovulation occurs 10-12 hours after estrus.
  • All babies should be delivered within 10-12 hours.
  • Preferred route for blood sampling is the orbital sinus.
  • Up to 10 mL of blood can be pulled from the orbital sinus.
  • Subcutaneous injections can be given on the neck or behind the ear.
  • Litter number is written on the right ear.

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