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Questions and Answers
Sow = Adult female having had one or more litters Gilt = Female not having reached sexual maturity Boar = Intact adult male Pig = Refers to any swine other than sow, gilt, or boar
Barrow = Neutered adult male Stag = Male castrated after puberty Farrow = To give birth Swine = Refers to the porcine species
Piglet = Very young, small pig, generally from birth to weaning Shoat = Intact male, before puberty; sometimes used as a synonym for pig Pig = Young swine of either sex, less than 120 lb (about 4 months old) Hog = Large swine, more than 120 lb, of either sex; commercial swine producers usually prefer this term when referring to any size of swine
Worlds most consumed meat
Worlds most consumed meat
Downside of pasture management system
Downside of pasture management system
Advantage of pasture management system
Advantage of pasture management system
Disadvantages of confinement units management systems
Disadvantages of confinement units management systems
Swine management can be
Swine management can be
How many litters to sows average per year
How many litters to sows average per year
What is the average litter size
What is the average litter size
When are the highest death losses within the entire pork industry
When are the highest death losses within the entire pork industry
When are pigs weaned
When are pigs weaned
Post-weaning facility to 10 weeks of age (50# body weight)
Post-weaning facility to 10 weeks of age (50# body weight)
50# to market weight (250#)
50# to market weight (250#)
Yorkshire
Yorkshire
Hampshire
Hampshire
Landrace
Landrace
Gestation period of the equine
Gestation period of the equine
Gestation period of the bovine
Gestation period of the bovine
Gestation period of the porcine
Gestation period of the porcine
Gestation period of the ovine/caprine
Gestation period of the ovine/caprine
How long (average) is the heat period of swine
How long (average) is the heat period of swine
How often does the heat period of a cow occur
How often does the heat period of a cow occur
How can you synchronize gilts heat period
How can you synchronize gilts heat period
When is semen administered
When is semen administered
How long is the gestation period of swine
How long is the gestation period of swine
Most farms are total confinement
Most farms are total confinement
Iron is administered 48 hours after birth
Iron is administered 48 hours after birth
Iron is 24 hours after birth
Iron is 24 hours after birth
When is the best time for castration
When is the best time for castration
Temperature range
Temperature range
What is the pulse rate of a new born
What is the pulse rate of a new born
what is the pulse rate of adult swine
what is the pulse rate of adult swine
What is the average respiration rate of adult swine
What is the average respiration rate of adult swine
What is the respiration rate in very young swine
What is the respiration rate in very young swine
Age of female puberty
Age of female puberty
Age of male puberty
Age of male puberty
Time of first breeding is 7-9 months
Time of first breeding is 7-9 months
Estrous cycle length is 18-24 days
Estrous cycle length is 18-24 days
Time of ovulation
Time of ovulation
All babies should be delivered within ______________
All babies should be delivered within ______________
Which is the preferred route for blood sampling in swine
Which is the preferred route for blood sampling in swine
How much blood can you pull from the orbital sinus
How much blood can you pull from the orbital sinus
Where can subcutaneous injections be given to swine
Where can subcutaneous injections be given to swine
Which side does the litter number go on
Which side does the litter number go on
Study Notes
Swine Management
- Swine is the most consumed meat globally.
- The pasture management system has its downsides, but it also offers advantages.
Advantages of Pasture Management System
- Provides a more natural environment for swine.
- Enhances animal welfare.
Disadvantages of Confinement Units Management Systems
- Increases stress and disease spread among swine.
- Can lead to environmental pollution.
Swine Breeding and Reproduction
- Swine management can be done through various methods, including breeding and reproduction.
- Sows average 2-3 litters per year.
- Average litter size is 10-12 piglets.
- Highest death losses occur within the first 3 days of life.
- Piglets are weaned at 10-14 days old.
- Post-weaning facilities care for piglets from 10 weeks to 50 pounds body weight.
- Piglets are raised to market weight (250 pounds) from 50 pounds.
Swine Breeds
- Yorkshire: a popular breed.
- Hampshire: a popular breed.
- Landrace: a popular breed.
Gestation Periods
- Equine: 320-340 days.
- Bovine: 280-290 days.
- Porcine: 114 days.
- Ovine/Caprine: 145-155 days.
Reproductive Cycles
- Swine heat period lasts 2-3 days.
- Heat period occurs every 18-24 days.
- Gilts' heat period can be synchronized.
- Semen is administered 2-3 days after estrus.
- Swine gestation period is approximately 114 days.
Farm Management
- Most farms use total confinement systems.
- Iron is administered to piglets 48 hours after birth.
- Castration is best done at 3-4 days old.
- Ideal temperature range for swine is 50-70°F (10-21°C).
Health and Monitoring
- Newborn pulse rate is 100-120 beats per minute.
- Adult swine pulse rate is 60-80 beats per minute.
- Average respiration rate of adult swine is 12-20 breaths per minute.
- Respiration rate in very young swine is 20-30 breaths per minute.
- Female puberty occurs at 5-6 months.
- Male puberty occurs at 5-7 months.
- Time of first breeding is 7-9 months.
- Ovulation occurs 10-12 hours after estrus.
- All babies should be delivered within 10-12 hours.
- Preferred route for blood sampling is the orbital sinus.
- Up to 10 mL of blood can be pulled from the orbital sinus.
- Subcutaneous injections can be given on the neck or behind the ear.
- Litter number is written on the right ear.
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