Teething and Baby Care

Teething / Babies

• Begin brushing baby's teeth as soon as the first tooth comes through, around 6-8 months of age.
• Avoid giving bottle to baby at bedtime, as it can lead to tooth decay.
• Recommended snacks for babies during the day include healthy options.
• Common signs and symptoms of teething in infants include:
  • Drooling
  • Swelling and redness of the gum
  • Irritability
  • Loss of appetite
  • Ear pulling
  • Sleep disturbance
• Interventions to alleviate teething symptoms include:
  • Gently rubbing the gum with a clean finger
  • Providing teething toys or objects
  • Using a cold compress
  • Administering pain relief medication (if advised by a healthcare professional)

Health Promoting during Pregnancy

• Smoking during pregnancy can lead to low birth weight, preterm labor, and developmental issues in the baby.
• Advise pregnant women to avoid eating raw or undercooked shellfish to reduce the risk of Listeria infection.
• Proper food handling, storage, and hygiene practices can also reduce the risk of Listeria infection.
• Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for newborns immediately after birth.
• Breastfeeding is generally safe for mothers with hepatitis B, unless there are open sores or bleeding on the nipples.
• Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a parasite found in cat feces, soil, and undercooked meat.
• Pregnant women should avoid cleaning the cat's litter box and wash hands after handling the cat.
• Discuss the option of having someone else clean the litter box during pregnancy.
• Herpes Virus Type 2 can increase the risk of transmission to the baby during vaginal delivery if the mother has active herpes lesions.
• Antiviral medications may be prescribed to reduce the risk.
• No amount of alcohol is considered safe during pregnancy, and it can harm the baby's development.

Procedure for Testing Blood Glucose

• Check the expiry date of the test strips.
• Turn on the glucose meter and calibrate it according to the manufacturer's instructions.
• Insert one test strip into the meter.
• Select the correct depth of needle penetration.
• Twist the pen body to prepare a new needle.
• Wash your hands and put on gloves.
• Have the person wash their hands to remove residual sugar.
• Choose to prick the side of the finger, not the end.
• Apply the device tightly against the skin on the side of the finger.
• Push the blue trigger to activate the needle.
• Apply a drop of blood to the meter strip.
• Wait for the appropriate time and the machine will give a reading.
• If bleeding does not occur, ask the client to place their hands in warm water to aid blood flow.
• Dispose of the needle safely.
• Record the result.

Hypoglycaemia and Hyperglycaemia

• A blood glucose level below 4mmol/l is referred to as hypoglycaemic.
• A blood glucose level above 4mmol/l is referred to as hyperglycaemic.
• Hypoglycaemia is a condition characterized by low blood sugar levels, while hyperglycaemia is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels.
• Avoid using alcohol wipes when performing a finger prick test, as they can interfere with the accuracy of the test.

Skin Protection

• Melanin cells provide natural protection against UV radiation by absorbing and dissipating UV rays.
• Turgor assesses the skin's elasticity and resilience, indicating hydration status.

Skin Assessment and Integrity

• In older adults, the thinning of skin layers reduces the efficiency of nutrient transfer between skin layers.
• Moist wound healing promotes faster tissue regeneration and reduces the risk of infection.

Skin Texture and Lesions

• Descriptors such as rough, coarse, and flaky help identify abnormalities or signs of aging in skin texture.
• Skin lesions can be classified based on their description and characteristics, such as:
  • Elevated, superficial, not in dermis, filled with serous fluid (answer not provided in the text)

Skin Protection

• Melanin cells provide natural protection against UV radiation by absorbing and dissipating UV rays.
• Turgor assesses the skin's elasticity and resilience, indicating hydration status.

Skin Assessment and Integrity

• In older adults, the thinning of skin layers reduces the efficiency of nutrient transfer between skin layers.
• Moist wound healing promotes faster tissue regeneration and reduces the risk of infection.

Skin Texture and Lesions

• Descriptors such as rough, coarse, and flaky help identify abnormalities or signs of aging in skin texture.
• Skin lesions can be classified based on their description and characteristics, such as:
  • Elevated, superficial, not in dermis, filled with serous fluid (answer not provided in the text)

Skin Protection

• Melanin cells provide natural protection against UV radiation by absorbing and dissipating UV rays.
• Turgor assesses the skin's elasticity and resilience, indicating hydration status.

Skin Assessment and Integrity

• In older adults, the thinning of skin layers reduces the efficiency of nutrient transfer between skin layers.
• Moist wound healing promotes faster tissue regeneration and reduces the risk of infection.

Skin Texture and Lesions

• Descriptors such as rough, coarse, and flaky help identify abnormalities or signs of aging in skin texture.
• Skin lesions can be classified based on their description and characteristics, such as:
  • Elevated, superficial, not in dermis, filled with serous fluid (answer not provided in the text)