Pulmonary Sleep Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is the consequence of chronic right heart strain in the context of Cor Pulmonale?

  • Right ventricular hypertrophy (correct)
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy
  • Decreased pulmonary blood pressure
  • Increased systemic blood pressure

    • What is a common presentation of left heart failure as described in the text?

  • Dyspnea (correct)
  • Ascites
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Lower extremity edema

    • Which factor contributes to the inability of the left heart to generate adequate cardiac output in the context of left heart failure?

  • Decreased pulmonary blood pressure
  • Increased systemic blood pressure
  • Right ventricular hypertrophy
  • Sympathetic surges (correct)

    • What clinical manifestation is more likely to be seen in right heart failure (Cor Pulmonale) than in left heart failure?

    <p>Jugular venous distention (JVD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does nocturnal hypoxia affect the pulmonary circulation in Cor Pulmonale?

    <p>Increases hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of excessive weight on respiratory mechanics?

    <p>Impaired lung expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by shallow breathing in a patient with obesity?

    <p>Respiratory Failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can chronic hypoxia from hypoventilation lead to?

    <p>Right ventricular hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of persistent hypoxia from hypoventilation?

    <p>Increased erythropoietin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which presentation is characteristic of Polycythemia?

    <p>Jugular vein distention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk associated with Pulmonary Hypertension?

    <p>Increased Risk of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathophysiological mechanism leading to increased systemic blood pressure in systemic hypertension?

    <p>Increased nocturnal hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by dyspnea on exertion and an increased risk of right heart failure?

    <p>Pulmonary hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the generation of irregular atrial depolarization and ineffective contractions in atrial fibrillation?

    <p>Nocturnal Hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon in atrial fibrillation can cause emboli to break from a thrombus formed in the left atrium?

    <p>Embolic Phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can nocturnal hypoxia lead to, contributing to acute heart failure in the presence of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response?

    <p>Increased irregular heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes right heart failure in heart failure pathophysiology?

    <p>Increased pulmonary blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of the abnormal anatomy or relaxed pharyngeal muscles in individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?

    <p>Nocturnal Hypoxia and Hypercapnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a cause of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) due to abnormal anatomy?

    <p>Central Sleep Apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Alcohol and Benzodiazepine Use have on individuals predisposed to Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?

    <p>Relaxes the pharyngeal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) related to abnormal anatomy?

    <p>Deviated Septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does obesity contribute to the development of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?

    <p>Causes compression of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT mentioned as being enlarged and contributing to airway narrowing in individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?

    <p>Nasal Turbinates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism behind Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome?

    <p>Impaired chest expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) differ in terms of Hypoxia and Hypercapnia?

    <p>OHS experiences them only during the night, while OSA experiences them both day and night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom differentiates Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) from Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)?

    <p>Witnessed Snoring and Apnea by Partner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Day Time Somnolence occur in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)?

    <p>Transient hypoxia and fewer times in REM sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter is NOT associated with Alveolar Hypoventilation in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)?

    <p>Low oxygen saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a classic finding that is common between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)?

    <p>Witnessed Snoring and Apnea by Partner</p> Signup and view all the answers

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