Pulmonary Sleep Disorders

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What is the consequence of chronic right heart strain in the context of Cor Pulmonale?

Right ventricular hypertrophy (correct)

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Decreased pulmonary blood pressure

Increased systemic blood pressure

What is a common presentation of left heart failure as described in the text?

Dyspnea (correct)

Ascites

Hepatomegaly

Lower extremity edema

Which factor contributes to the inability of the left heart to generate adequate cardiac output in the context of left heart failure?

Decreased pulmonary blood pressure

Increased systemic blood pressure

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Sympathetic surges (correct)

What clinical manifestation is more likely to be seen in right heart failure (Cor Pulmonale) than in left heart failure?

Jugular venous distention (JVD) Signup and view all the answers

How does nocturnal hypoxia affect the pulmonary circulation in Cor Pulmonale?

Increases hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of excessive weight on respiratory mechanics?

Impaired lung expansion Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by shallow breathing in a patient with obesity?

Respiratory Failure Signup and view all the answers

What can chronic hypoxia from hypoventilation lead to?

Right ventricular hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of persistent hypoxia from hypoventilation?

Increased erythropoietin levels Signup and view all the answers

Which presentation is characteristic of Polycythemia?

Jugular vein distention Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk associated with Pulmonary Hypertension?

Increased Risk of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathophysiological mechanism leading to increased systemic blood pressure in systemic hypertension?

Increased nocturnal hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by dyspnea on exertion and an increased risk of right heart failure?

Pulmonary hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the generation of irregular atrial depolarization and ineffective contractions in atrial fibrillation?

Nocturnal Hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon in atrial fibrillation can cause emboli to break from a thrombus formed in the left atrium?

Embolic Phenomenon Signup and view all the answers

What can nocturnal hypoxia lead to, contributing to acute heart failure in the presence of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response?

Increased irregular heartbeat Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes right heart failure in heart failure pathophysiology?

Increased pulmonary blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of the abnormal anatomy or relaxed pharyngeal muscles in individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?

Nocturnal Hypoxia and Hypercapnia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a cause of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) due to abnormal anatomy?

Central Sleep Apnea Signup and view all the answers

What effect does Alcohol and Benzodiazepine Use have on individuals predisposed to Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?

Relaxes the pharyngeal muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) related to abnormal anatomy?

Deviated Septum Signup and view all the answers

Why does obesity contribute to the development of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?

Causes compression of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT mentioned as being enlarged and contributing to airway narrowing in individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?

Nasal Turbinates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism behind Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome?

Impaired chest expansion Signup and view all the answers

How do Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) differ in terms of Hypoxia and Hypercapnia?

OHS experiences them only during the night, while OSA experiences them both day and night. Signup and view all the answers

What symptom differentiates Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) from Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)?

Witnessed Snoring and Apnea by Partner Signup and view all the answers

Why does Day Time Somnolence occur in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)?

Transient hypoxia and fewer times in REM sleep Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter is NOT associated with Alveolar Hypoventilation in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)?

Low oxygen saturation Signup and view all the answers

What is a classic finding that is common between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)?