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Questions and Answers
What is the general neutralisation reaction?
What is the general neutralisation reaction?
- H X + M OH → MX + HOH
- Acid + Base → Salt + Water
- H+(aq) + OH (aq) → H2O(l)
- All of the above (correct)
What is the process of dissolving an acid or a base in water?
What is the process of dissolving an acid or a base in water?
- Endothermic
- Exothermic (correct)
- Neutral
- None of the above
Why should an acid be added slowly to water?
Why should an acid be added slowly to water?
- To prevent the mixture from overflowing
- To prevent the mixture from splashing out
- To prevent the colour of the acid from changing
- To prevent excessive local heating (correct)
What is the result of mixing an acid or a base with water?
What is the result of mixing an acid or a base with water?
What should you do if water is added to a concentrated acid?
What should you do if water is added to a concentrated acid?
What is the purpose of the warning sign on containers of concentrated acids and bases?
What is the purpose of the warning sign on containers of concentrated acids and bases?
What is the correct order of adding substances when mixing an acid with water?
What is the correct order of adding substances when mixing an acid with water?
What is the result of mixing sodium hydroxide pellets with water?
What is the result of mixing sodium hydroxide pellets with water?
What type of reaction occurs between an acid and a base?
What type of reaction occurs between an acid and a base?
What is the general equation for the reaction between a metal oxide and an acid?
What is the general equation for the reaction between a metal oxide and an acid?
Why do metallic oxides react with acids to form salts and water?
Why do metallic oxides react with acids to form salts and water?
What is the reaction between calcium hydroxide solution and carbon dioxide gas?
What is the reaction between calcium hydroxide solution and carbon dioxide gas?
What is the colour of the solution formed when copper oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid?
What is the colour of the solution formed when copper oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid?
What type of oxide is carbon dioxide?
What type of oxide is carbon dioxide?
What happens when excess carbon dioxide is passed through calcium carbonate?
What happens when excess carbon dioxide is passed through calcium carbonate?
What is the general equation for the reaction between metal carbonates/hydrogencarbonates and acids?
What is the general equation for the reaction between metal carbonates/hydrogencarbonates and acids?
What happens to the copper oxide when it reacts with hydrochloric acid?
What happens to the copper oxide when it reacts with hydrochloric acid?
What is the colour of the solution when phenolphthalein is added to dilute NaOH?
What is the colour of the solution when phenolphthalein is added to dilute NaOH?
Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?
Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?
What is the general equation for the reaction between a base and an acid?
What is the general equation for the reaction between a base and an acid?
What happens to the pink colour of phenolphthalein when dilute HCl is added?
What happens to the pink colour of phenolphthalein when dilute HCl is added?
Why does the pink colour of phenolphthalein reappear when NaOH is added?
Why does the pink colour of phenolphthalein reappear when NaOH is added?
What is the term for the reaction between an acid and a base?
What is the term for the reaction between an acid and a base?
What is the common name for calcium carbonate?
What is the common name for calcium carbonate?
What is the typical taste associated with acids?
What is the typical taste associated with acids?
What is the effect of a base on the colour of red litmus?
What is the effect of a base on the colour of red litmus?
Which of the following is a natural indicator?
Which of the following is a natural indicator?
What is the effect of washing a cloth with plenty of water after soap is scrubbed on it to remove a curry stain?
What is the effect of washing a cloth with plenty of water after soap is scrubbed on it to remove a curry stain?
What is the typical colour of litmus solution when it is neither acidic nor basic?
What is the typical colour of litmus solution when it is neither acidic nor basic?
What would you suggest as a remedy for someone suffering from a problem of acidity after overeating?
What would you suggest as a remedy for someone suffering from a problem of acidity after overeating?
Which of the following is a synthetic indicator?
Which of the following is a synthetic indicator?
What is the purpose of using an indicator in testing for acids and bases?
What is the purpose of using an indicator in testing for acids and bases?
What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
What is the pH range in which tooth enamel corrodes?
What is the pH range in which tooth enamel corrodes?
What is the role of antacids in indigestion?
What is the role of antacids in indigestion?
Why is cleaning the mouth after eating important?
Why is cleaning the mouth after eating important?
What is the effect of bee-sting acid on the skin?
What is the effect of bee-sting acid on the skin?
What is the purpose of using toothpaste?
What is the purpose of using toothpaste?
What is the effect of methanoic acid from nettle leaves on the skin?
What is the effect of methanoic acid from nettle leaves on the skin?
What is the function of magnesium hydroxide in antacids?
What is the function of magnesium hydroxide in antacids?
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Study Notes
Acids and Bases
- Acids generate H+(aq) and bases generate OH-(aq) ions
- Neutralization reaction: Acid + Base → Salt + Water
- H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l)
Mixing Acids and Bases with Water
- The process of dissolving an acid or base in water is highly exothermic
- Care must be taken while mixing concentrated acids or bases with water
- Acid must be added slowly to water with constant stirring to avoid splashing and burns
Indicators and Tests
- Litmus is a natural indicator that changes color in response to acids and bases
- Acids are sour in taste and change blue litmus to red
- Bases are bitter and change red litmus to blue
- Other natural indicators include turmeric, red cabbage leaves, and certain flowers
- Synthetic indicators like methyl orange and phenolphthalein can also be used
Neutralization Reaction
- The reaction between an acid and a base to give a salt and water is known as a neutralization reaction
- Base + Acid → Salt + Water
- Example: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Reaction of Metallic Oxides with Acids
- Metallic oxides react with acids to give salts and water
- Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water
- Example: CuO + HCl(aq) → CuCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
- Metallic oxides are said to be basic oxides
Reaction of Non-metallic Oxides with Bases
- Non-metallic oxides react with bases to give salts and water
- Non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature
- Example: Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
pH in the Digestive System
- The stomach produces hydrochloric acid to aid in digestion
- Excess acid production can cause pain and irritation
- Antacids, which are mild bases, can be used to neutralize excess acid
pH Change and Tooth Decay
- Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower than 5.5
- Tooth enamel is corroded when the pH is below 5.5
- Bacteria in the mouth produce acids that can cause tooth decay
- Using toothpaste, which is generally basic, can help neutralize excess acid and prevent tooth decay
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