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Questions and Answers

What is the general neutralisation reaction?

  • H X + M OH → MX + HOH
  • Acid + Base → Salt + Water
  • H+(aq) + OH (aq) → H2O(l)
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the process of dissolving an acid or a base in water?

  • Endothermic
  • Exothermic (correct)
  • Neutral
  • None of the above

    • Why should an acid be added slowly to water?

  • To prevent the mixture from overflowing
  • To prevent the mixture from splashing out
  • To prevent the colour of the acid from changing
  • To prevent excessive local heating (correct)

    • What is the result of mixing an acid or a base with water?

    <p>Decrease in the concentration of ions per unit volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if water is added to a concentrated acid?

    <p>Stir the mixture slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the warning sign on containers of concentrated acids and bases?

    <p>To warn of the dangers of mixing the acid or base with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of adding substances when mixing an acid with water?

    <p>Add acid to water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mixing sodium hydroxide pellets with water?

    <p>Increase in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction occurs between an acid and a base?

    <p>Neutralisation reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general equation for the reaction between a metal oxide and an acid?

    <p>Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do metallic oxides react with acids to form salts and water?

    <p>Because metallic oxides are basic in nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction between calcium hydroxide solution and carbon dioxide gas?

    <p>Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the colour of the solution formed when copper oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Blue-green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of oxide is carbon dioxide?

    <p>Non-metallic oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when excess carbon dioxide is passed through calcium carbonate?

    <p>CaCO3 (s) + H2O(l)+ CO2 (g) → Ca(HCO3 )2 (aq )</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general equation for the reaction between metal carbonates/hydrogencarbonates and acids?

    <p>Metal carbonate/Metal hydrogencarbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the copper oxide when it reacts with hydrochloric acid?

    <p>It dissolves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the colour of the solution when phenolphthalein is added to dilute NaOH?

    <p>Pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?

    <p>Because they can corrode the vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general equation for the reaction between a base and an acid?

    <p>Base + Acid → Salt + Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pink colour of phenolphthalein when dilute HCl is added?

    <p>The pink colour disappears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the pink colour of phenolphthalein reappear when NaOH is added?

    <p>Because NaOH is a base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reaction between an acid and a base?

    <p>Neutralization reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for calcium carbonate?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical taste associated with acids?

    <p>Sour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a base on the colour of red litmus?

    <p>It turns red to blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a natural indicator?

    <p>Turmeric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of washing a cloth with plenty of water after soap is scrubbed on it to remove a curry stain?

    <p>The stain turns yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical colour of litmus solution when it is neither acidic nor basic?

    <p>Purple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would you suggest as a remedy for someone suffering from a problem of acidity after overeating?

    <p>Baking soda solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a synthetic indicator?

    <p>Methyl orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using an indicator in testing for acids and bases?

    <p>To identify the presence of an acid or base in a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

    <p>To help in the digestion of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range in which tooth enamel corrodes?

    <p>Below 5.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of antacids in indigestion?

    <p>To neutralize excess acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cleaning the mouth after eating important?

    <p>To prevent tooth decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of bee-sting acid on the skin?

    <p>Pain and irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using toothpaste?

    <p>To neutralize excess acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of methanoic acid from nettle leaves on the skin?

    <p>Burning pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of magnesium hydroxide in antacids?

    <p>To neutralize excess acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acids and Bases

    • Acids generate H+(aq) and bases generate OH-(aq) ions
    • Neutralization reaction: Acid + Base → Salt + Water
    • H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l)

    Mixing Acids and Bases with Water

    • The process of dissolving an acid or base in water is highly exothermic
    • Care must be taken while mixing concentrated acids or bases with water
    • Acid must be added slowly to water with constant stirring to avoid splashing and burns

    Indicators and Tests

    • Litmus is a natural indicator that changes color in response to acids and bases
    • Acids are sour in taste and change blue litmus to red
    • Bases are bitter and change red litmus to blue
    • Other natural indicators include turmeric, red cabbage leaves, and certain flowers
    • Synthetic indicators like methyl orange and phenolphthalein can also be used

    Neutralization Reaction

    • The reaction between an acid and a base to give a salt and water is known as a neutralization reaction
    • Base + Acid → Salt + Water
    • Example: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

    Reaction of Metallic Oxides with Acids

    • Metallic oxides react with acids to give salts and water
    • Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water
    • Example: CuO + HCl(aq) → CuCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
    • Metallic oxides are said to be basic oxides

    Reaction of Non-metallic Oxides with Bases

    • Non-metallic oxides react with bases to give salts and water
    • Non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature
    • Example: Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)

    pH in the Digestive System

    • The stomach produces hydrochloric acid to aid in digestion
    • Excess acid production can cause pain and irritation
    • Antacids, which are mild bases, can be used to neutralize excess acid

    pH Change and Tooth Decay

    • Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower than 5.5
    • Tooth enamel is corroded when the pH is below 5.5
    • Bacteria in the mouth produce acids that can cause tooth decay
    • Using toothpaste, which is generally basic, can help neutralize excess acid and prevent tooth decay

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