Cellular respiration

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Whats cellular respiration

process by which organic molecules, taken in as food, are broken down in the cells to release energy for the cell's activities such as movement of cell, or production of new chemical compounds

what % of available energy is released as heat?

60%

what is the remaining energy from cellular respiration used to form? where is the energy mainly stored?

ATP. the energy is joined between the high energy bonds of the second and third phosphate group it is easily broken to be utilised when needed

What's the first phase of cellular respiration and what is this?

glycolysis: a glucose molecule is broken down to two molecules of pyruvate, releasing two molecules of ATP Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pyruvate if no oxygen is available?

-enters anaerobic respiration, where the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid by fermentation Signup and view all the answers

what is fermentation

converts pyruvate from glycolysis to lactic acid. This does not produce any additional ATP but the glycolysis of one molecule of glucose releases enough energy to convert two ADP to ATP. therefore, the total yield is 2ATP. Signup and view all the answers

Where do glycolysis and the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid occur in the cell?

cytosol Signup and view all the answers

why is anaerobic respiration important during vigorous physical activity

B) It provides energy when oxygen supply is insufficient. Signup and view all the answers

whats the end product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells

lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

theoretical maximum yield of ATP molecules from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration

38 Signup and view all the answers

which part of the cell does aerobic respiration primarily take place

mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

define cellular respiration

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of the electron transport system in cellular respiration.

The electron transport system is the final stage of cellular respiration where electrons are passed through a series of molecules, ultimately resulting in the formation of water and producing the most ATP. Signup and view all the answers

Why do you continue to breathe heavily after vigorous exercise?

Heavy breathing after vigorous exercise occurs to repay the oxygen debt incurred during anaerobic respiration, allowing lactic acid to be converted back to glucose in the liver. Signup and view all the answers

Anaerobic respiration produces ______ ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

two Signup and view all the answers

During aerobic respiration, pyruvate is converted into ______ before entering the citric acid cycle.

acetyl CoA Signup and view all the answers

The folding of the inner membrane of mitochondria, known as ______, increases the surface area for reactions.

cristae Signup and view all the answers

Cells that require a large amount of energy contain many ______.

mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

The process that converts lactic acid back into glucose in the liver requires ______.

oxygen Signup and view all the answers

another name for electron transport chain is __________

oxidative phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Describe what happens to acetyl CoA in the citric acid cycle and the amount of ATP produced per glucose molecule during this cycle.

In the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, acetyl CoA enters the cycle and its carbon atoms are released as carbon dioxide. For each acetyl CoA molecule that enters the cycle, one ATP molecule is produced. Since one glucose molecule produces two acetyl CoA molecules, the citric acid cycle generates a total of two ATP molecules per glucose molecule. Signup and view all the answers