21 Questions
Whats cellular respiration
process by which organic molecules, taken in as food, are broken down in the cells to release energy for the cell's activities such as movement of cell, or production of new chemical compounds
what % of available energy is released as heat?
60%
what is the remaining energy from cellular respiration used to form? where is the energy mainly stored?
ATP. the energy is joined between the high energy bonds of the second and third phosphate group it is easily broken to be utilised when needed
What's the first phase of cellular respiration and what is this?
glycolysis: a glucose molecule is broken down to two molecules of pyruvate, releasing two molecules of ATP
What happens to the pyruvate if no oxygen is available?
-enters anaerobic respiration, where the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid by fermentation
what is fermentation
converts pyruvate from glycolysis to lactic acid. This does not produce any additional ATP but the glycolysis of one molecule of glucose releases enough energy to convert two ADP to ATP. therefore, the total yield is 2ATP.
Where do glycolysis and the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid occur in the cell?
cytosol
why is anaerobic respiration important during vigorous physical activity
B) It provides energy when oxygen supply is insufficient.
whats the end product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells
lactic acid
theoretical maximum yield of ATP molecules from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration
38
which part of the cell does aerobic respiration primarily take place
mitochondria
define cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.
Describe the role of the electron transport system in cellular respiration.
The electron transport system is the final stage of cellular respiration where electrons are passed through a series of molecules, ultimately resulting in the formation of water and producing the most ATP.
Why do you continue to breathe heavily after vigorous exercise?
Heavy breathing after vigorous exercise occurs to repay the oxygen debt incurred during anaerobic respiration, allowing lactic acid to be converted back to glucose in the liver.
Anaerobic respiration produces ______ ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
two
During aerobic respiration, pyruvate is converted into ______ before entering the citric acid cycle.
acetyl CoA
The folding of the inner membrane of mitochondria, known as ______, increases the surface area for reactions.
cristae
Cells that require a large amount of energy contain many ______.
mitochondria
The process that converts lactic acid back into glucose in the liver requires ______.
oxygen
another name for electron transport chain is __________
oxidative phosphorylation
Describe what happens to acetyl CoA in the citric acid cycle and the amount of ATP produced per glucose molecule during this cycle.
In the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, acetyl CoA enters the cycle and its carbon atoms are released as carbon dioxide. For each acetyl CoA molecule that enters the cycle, one ATP molecule is produced. Since one glucose molecule produces two acetyl CoA molecules, the citric acid cycle generates a total of two ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
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