Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the typical outcome of practicing perceptual tasks?
What is the typical outcome of practicing perceptual tasks?
- Performance remains the same
- Performance worsens over time
- Performance improves with practice (correct)
- Performance varies randomly
What type of tasks produce more perceptual learning?
What type of tasks produce more perceptual learning?
- Tasks that require discriminations along multiple perceptual dimensions and use stimuli with external noise (correct)
- Tasks that are relatively easy to perform
- Simple perceptual tasks with low noise
- Tasks that require attention to a single stimulus feature
What is the relationship between initial performance levels and the amount of learning?
What is the relationship between initial performance levels and the amount of learning?
- No correlation
- Inversely proportional (correct)
- Constantly proportional
- Directly proportional
What is the general characteristic of perceptual learning in terms of task specificity?
What is the general characteristic of perceptual learning in terms of task specificity?
When does perceptual learning tend to transfer between tasks?
When does perceptual learning tend to transfer between tasks?
What is not required to improve performance on a perceptual task?
What is not required to improve performance on a perceptual task?
How long can learned improvements in perceptual performance be retained?
How long can learned improvements in perceptual performance be retained?
What is necessary for consolidating perceptual learning?
What is necessary for consolidating perceptual learning?
What is perceptual learning, according to Eleanor Gibson?
What is perceptual learning, according to Eleanor Gibson?
What is an example of perceptual learning in the natural world?
What is an example of perceptual learning in the natural world?
What is multimodal learning, as described in the context of bird watching?
What is multimodal learning, as described in the context of bird watching?
What is true about the perception of visual attributes with practice?
What is true about the perception of visual attributes with practice?
What determines the amount of learning in perceptual learning?
What determines the amount of learning in perceptual learning?
What is true about the perceptual benefits of learning?
What is true about the perceptual benefits of learning?
What is not a requirement for perceptual learning?
What is not a requirement for perceptual learning?
What role does sleep play in perceptual learning?
What role does sleep play in perceptual learning?
Study Notes
Perceptual Learning
- Perceptual learning is the improvement in performance on perceptual tasks with practice, ranging from simple to complex judgments.
- Tasks requiring discriminations along multiple perceptual dimensions and use of external noise produce more perceptual learning than simple tasks.
Characteristics of Perceptual Learning
- The amount of learning is inversely proportional to initial performance levels.
- Perceptual learning is often specific to the task and stimulus configuration used during training.
- Learning can transfer between tasks that are relatively "easy" to perform.
Factors Influencing Perceptual Learning
- Error-correcting feedback is not required to improve performance on a perceptual task.
- Top-down attention to diagnostic stimulus features is required for learning on some tasks, while passive exposure to a stimulus may be sufficient for learning on other tasks.
- Sleep, specifically slow-wave and rapid eye movement sleep, is required within a finite time period after training to consolidate perceptual learning.
Theories and Historical Contributions
- Hermann von Helmholtz introduced the concept of unconscious inference, highlighting the role of experience in perception.
- William James (1890) developed the idea that "practice makes perfect" in achieving high levels of perceptual expertise.
- Eleanor Gibson (1969) defined perceptual learning as an increase in the ability to extract information from the environment due to experience and practice, and emphasized the importance of active learning.
Real-World Applications
- Perceptual learning is prevalent in everyday life, with examples including:
- Identifying injury and disease in x-rays and brain scans (e.g., radiologists spotting tumors).
- Bird watching, involving visual and auditory learning.
- Categorical discriminations (e.g., identifying faces, color categories).
- These skills are essential in various professions, such as law enforcement, where individuals are trained to identify troublemakers in a crowded environment.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
