24 Questions
define ingestion
the intake of food into the mouth
define mastication
process of chewing food in the mouth
role of saliva in digestion
contains mucus to lubricate food and the enzyme salivary amylase, which begins the chemical digestion of starch into maltose
list the four types of teeth and their functions in mechanical digestion
incisors (biting/cutting), canines (tearing), premolars (crushing), molars (grinding)
describe peristalsis
wave like muscle contractions that move food through the oesophagus and other parts of the alimentary canal
function of pyloric sphincter
regulates flow of material from stomach to duodenum
whats chyme
thick soupy liquid food is converted into in the stomach after being mixed with gastric juices
primary role of pancreatic juice in digestion
contains enzymes that help digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats and it neutralises stomach acid in the duodenum
what are bile salts and what is their function in digestion
emulsify fats, breaking them into smaller droplets to increase the SA for lipase action, aiding in mechanical digestion
explain process of segmentation in small intestine
involves contractions of the circular muscles in the small intestine that break up the bolus and mix it with digestive juices and bile
what type of digestion begins in the mouth
both a and b
which enzyme in saliva begins the chemical digestion of starch
amylase
primary function of oesophagus
transport of food from pharynx to stomach
which muscle layer is unique to the stomach compared to the rest of the alimentary canal
oblique muscle
which substance does the gall bladder store and release
bile
which section of small intestine is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption
jejunum
which enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach
pepsin
what does peristalsis refer to
wave like muscle contractions that move food down digestive tract
which organ is not part of the alimentary canal but plays a crucial role in digestion
pancreas
whats the primary function of the large intestine
absorption of water and electrolytes
Salivary amylase is an enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of ______ in the mouth.
starch
The four types of teeth involved in mechanical digestion are incisors, canines, ______, and ______.
Answer: premolars, molars
Pancreatic ______ breaks down starch into maltose.
amylase
The final part of the small intestine, where vitamin B12 and bile salts are absorbed, is the ______.
Answer: ileum
basic stuff of digestion, basic knowledge and anatomy
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