MMC Index

The Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act

Preliminary

• The Act has a preamble and contents
• It consists of chapters, sections, and definitions of terms

The Municipal Constitution

• Municipal Authorities include the Municipal Corporation
• The Corporation has a composition and reserved seats
• The duration of the Corporation is specified, with a term of office for Councillors
• Casual vacancies are filled up according to the Act

Qualifications and Disqualifications of Voters and Councillors

• Persons qualified to vote are specified
• Qualifications for election as a Councillor at a ward election are mentioned
• Disqualifications for being a Councillor are outlined
• A person becoming disqualified ceases to be a Councillor

Municipal Election Roll

• Brihan Mumbai is divided into single-member wards
• A municipal election roll is prepared for each ward
• Right to vote is specified
• Elections of Councillors are governed by the Act

Elections of Councillors

• Date of election is specified
• Candidates must be nominated
• Deposit by candidates is required
• Polling stations and voting procedures are outlined
• Provisions for contested ward elections are mentioned

Proceedings of the Corporation

• Provisions regulate the Corporation's proceedings
• Power to order withdrawal of member is specified
• Mayor and Deputy Mayor are elected
• Leader of Opposition and Leader of the House are recognized
• Honoraria, fees, and allowances are specified for Councillors

Committees

• Consultative Committees for special purposes are appointed
• Special Committees of the Corporation are established
• Sub-Committees of the Improvements Committee are appointed
• Primary Education Consultative Committee is established
• Committee may be appointed for other educational purposes
• Hospital Committee is established
• Standing Committee is constituted
• Members of the Standing Committee are appointed and retire by rotation
• Casual vacancies in the Standing Committee are filled up according to the Act

Standing Committee

• Each Standing Committee continues in office until a new Committee is appointed

Improvements Committee

• The Improvements Committee is constituted for the purpose of carrying out the improvement of the city
• The Committee is constituted as per the provisions of the Act
• Members of the Improvements Committee are appointed and retire by rotation
• A Chairman of the Improvements Committee is appointed
• Casual vacancies in the Improvements Committee are filled up as per the provisions
• The Improvements Committee continues in office till a new Committee is appointed
• The proceedings of the Improvements Committee are regulated as per the provisions

Brihan Mumbai Electric Supply and Transport Committee

• The Brihan Mumbai Electric Supply and Transport Committee is constituted with a specific term of office for its Members
• Members of the Committee are disqualified under certain circumstances
• Casual vacancies in the Committee are filled up as per the provisions
• The Chairman of the Committee is appointed
• The Committee holds meetings and Members are entitled to fees for attendance
• The Committee can form Sub-Committees

Education Committee

• The Education Committee is constituted with specific Members appointed at a specific time
• Members of the Education Committee are disqualified under certain circumstances
• A Chairman of the Education Committee is appointed
• Members of the Education Committee retire by rotation
• Casual vacancies in the Education Committee are filled up as per the provisions
• Each Education Committee continues in office till a new Committee is appointed
• The Education Committee can act notwithstanding default, etc., in the appointment of members
• The Committee holds meetings and the Municipal Commissioner and Education Officer have the right to be present
• The Committee can appoint Sub-Committees

Constitution of Wards Committees

• Section 50: Provisions regarding validity of proceedings
• Section 51: Vacancy in Corporation or in any Committee not to invalidate their proceedings
• Section 52: Proceedings of Corporation, etc. not vitiated by disqualification, etc. of Members thereof
• Section 53: Proceedings of meetings to be deemed to be good and valid until the contrary is proved
• Section 53A: Exercise of powers and discharge of duties of any Committee by corporation
• Section 53B: Removal of Chairman or Deputy Chairman of Committees
• Section 54: Appointment of the Commissioner
• Section 54A: Appointment of the Director
• Section 55: Appointment of a Deputy Municipal Commissioner

Functions of Commissioners and Other Officers

• Section 56: Functions of the Director and a Deputy Commissioner
• Section 56A: Appointment of Deputy Municipal Commissioner (Improvements)
• Section 56B: Functions of the Deputy Municipal Commissioner (Improvements)
• Section 57: Salary of the Commissioner
• Section 58: Remuneration of the Director and a Deputy Commissioner
• Section 58A: Remuneration of the Deputy Municipal Commissioner (Improvements)

Disqualifications and Leave

• Section 59: Grant of leave of absence to the Commissioner, Director or Deputy Commissioner
• Section 60: Commissioner, Director and Deputy Commissioner not to be interested in any contract with the Corporation
• Section 60A: Appointment of General Manager
• Section 60B: Leave of absence to General Manager
• Section 60C: Disqualifications of General Manager
• Section 60D: Appointment of Chief Accounts Officer

Duties and Powers of Municipal Authorities

• Section 61: Matters to be provided for by the Corporation
• Section 62: Corporation to provide a monthly sum to State Government for maintaining certain Medical Institutions in Mumbai
• Section 62A: Fees to be charged by the Corporation in public hospitals and dispensaries
• Section 62B: Extent of benefit to Corporation by change in policy of State Government in regard to their liability in respect of primary education

Other Provisions

• Section 63: Matters which may be provided for by the Corporation at their discretion
• Section 63A: Performance of functions by agencies
• Section 63B: Environment Status Report
• Section 64: Functions of the several municipal authorities
• Section 64A: Citizens Charter
• Section 64B: Delegation of powers

Contracts

• Section 65: Corporation may call for extracts from proceedings, etc., from committee
• Section 66: Corporation may require the Mayor to produce documents and furnish returns, reports, etc.
• Section 66A: Right to ask questions
• Section 66B: Discussion on urgent public matters
• Section 66C: Asking statement from Commissioner
• Section 67: Exercise of powers to be subject to sanction by Corporation of the necessary expenditure
• Section 68: Delegation of powers of Municipal Authority of the Commissioner
• Section 68A: [Deleted]
• Section 68AA: Government officers may be empowered to exercise certain powers, etc. of the Commissioner

Other Provisions

• Section 69: Power to the Commissioner to execute contracts on behalf of the Corporation
• Section 70: Mode of executing contracts
• Section 71: Contract not binding on the Corporation unless executed as prescribed in section 70
• Section 72: Tenders to be invited for contracts involving expenditure exceeding three lakhs rupees
• Section 72A: Power to execute contract with unemployed Engineers
• Section 73: Security when to be taken for performance of contract
• Section 73-1A: Saving of contracts under Chapter XVI-A

Revenue and Expenditure

• The Municipal Fund is constituted according to Section 111 of the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act.
• The State Government provides an annual grant from the proceeds of entertainment duty, as per Section 111A.
• The Commissioner is responsible for receiving payments and lodging them in a bank, as per Section 112.
• The fund can only be drawn against with a budget grant, with exceptions, as per Section 115.
• A portion of the municipal fund can be deposited with a bank or agency outside of Mumbai, if convenient, as per Section 114.

Special Funds

• The Consolidated Water Supply and Sewerage Disposal Loan Fund, as per Section 119A, and the Water and Sewerage Fund, as per Section 119B, can be constituted.
• The Fines Fund, as per Section 120, and the Welfare Fund, as per Section 120A, can be constituted.
• The Corporation can create special funds with approval, as per Section 121.

Accounts

• The Commissioner is responsible for preparing annual administration reports and statements of accounts, as per Section 124.
• Accounts are kept in prescribed forms by the Standing Committee, as per Section 123.
• Separate proforma accounts are kept by the Commissioner, as per Section 123A.
• Accounts are kept in respect of primary education, as per Section 123C.

Annual Budget Estimate

• The Commissioner prepares estimates of expenditure and income, as per Section 125.
• Budget estimates are classified into different heads, as per Section 125A.
• The Commissioner prepares budget estimates, as per Section 126.
• The General Manager prepares estimates of expenditure and income of the Brihan Mumbai Electric Supply and Transport Undertaking, as per Section 126A.
• The Education Committee prepares budget estimates, as per Section 126D.

Municipal Taxation

• Municipal taxes are defined, as per Section 139.
• Property taxes are leviable on rateable value or capital value, as per Section 140.
• Property taxes consist of different components, as per Section 139A.
• Water taxes are levied on certain premises, as per Section 141.
• Sewerage taxes are levied on certain premises, as per Section 142.
• General taxes are levied on certain premises, as per Section 143.

Property Taxes

• Primary responsibility for property taxes rests on the owner, as per Section 146.
• Apportionment of responsibility for property taxes is done when premises are let or sub-let, as per Section 147.
• Notice of transfer of premises is required, as per Section 149.
• Notice of the erection of a new building or demolition of a building is required, as per Section 152.
• Valuation of property is done by the Commissioner, as per Section 154.
• Rateable value or capital value is determined, as per Section 154A.
• An assessment book is maintained, as per Section 156.
• The assessment book is open to inspection, as per Section 161.
• Complaints against valuations can be filed, as per Section 163.

Special Provisions

• There are special provisions concerning water and sewerage taxes and charges.
• These provisions include rules for water taxes and charges, sewerage taxes and charges, and amendment thereof.

Refund of Taxes

• Refund of water tax and sewerage tax is obtainable under certain conditions.
• Refund is not claimable unless notice of vacancy is given to the Commissioner.
• Application for refund must be made in accordance with the prescribed procedure.

Tax on Dogs

• There is a tax on dogs.
• The tax is levied under Section 191A of the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act.
• The tax is governed by specific provisions, including licensing and control measures.

Theatre Tax

• There is a tax on cinemas, theatres, circuses, carnivals, and other performances or shows.
• The tax is levied under Section 191E of the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act.
• The tax is payable by the person liable to pay it, and returns must be filed accordingly.

Octroi

• Octroi is a tax levied on the importation of certain goods.
• The tax is levied under Section 192 of the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act.
• There are exemptions and refunds available under certain conditions.

Education Cess

• There is an education cess levied under Section 195E of the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act.
• The cess is payable to the Corporation in lieu of the education cess by the State Government.

Street Tax

• There is a street tax levied under Section 195G of the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act.

Supplementary Taxation

• Any tax imposable under the Act may be increased by way of supplementary taxation.
• This is governed by Section 196 of the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act.

Collection of Taxes

• Property taxes are payable half-yearly in advance.
• Octroi is payable on demand.
• Rebate is available for advance payment of tax.

Drains and Drainage Works

• Municipal drains are under the control of the Commissioner.
• Drains are to be constructed and kept in repair by the Commissioner.
• There are powers for making drains, alterations, and discontinuance of drains.
• Connections with municipal drains must be made in conformity with the Act.

Appeals against Valuations and Taxes

• Appeals may be made against valuations and taxes.
• Appeals may be made to the High Court.
• Certain provisions have overriding effect.

Disposal of Sewerage

• The Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888, regulates the disposal of sewerage, including the appointment of places for emptying drains and the provision of means for disposal.
• Water-closets, privies, and urinals must be constructed according to specific regulations.

Water-Supply

• The corporation is responsible for supplying water to the city and managing and maintaining municipal water-works.
• Powers are granted to access and inspect municipal water-works, and to carry water-mains and construct tunnels.
• Fire-hydrants must be provided, and buildings and other structures must not be erected over municipal water-mains without permission.

Regulation of Streets

• Public streets are vested in the corporation, and the Commissioner has powers to manage and maintain them.
• New public streets may be constructed, and the Commissioner has powers to require the setting back of buildings to the regular line of the street.
• Private streets must be laid out according to specific regulations, and the Commissioner may declare them public streets.

Building Regulation

• Notices must be given to the Commissioner before erecting a building or making additions to a building.
• Plans and additional information may be required, and the Commissioner may approve or disapprove the building or work.
• Buildings must be constructed according to specific regulations, including provisions for structure, materials, and means of egress.

City Improvement

• The corporation has powers to make improvement schemes, which may include the acquisition of land and the execution of building operations.
• Improvement schemes must be approved by the corporation and the State Government, and the Commissioner may apply for sanction to the scheme.

Police Accommodation Schemes

• The corporation has powers to make police accommodation schemes, which may include the acquisition of land and the execution of building operations.

Clearance Areas

• The corporation has powers to declare an area to be a clearance area, and to acquire land and demolish buildings.
• Clearance orders may be made, and the corporation may acquire land surrounded by or adjoining a clearance area.

Re-Development Areas

• The corporation has powers to declare an area to be a re-development area, and to acquire land and execute building operations.
• Re-development plans must be approved by the corporation and the State Government.

Provision of Housing Accommodation

• The corporation has powers to provide housing accommodation for the poorer classes, including the acquisition of land and the execution of building operations.
• Mode of provision of accommodation, and power of Commissioner to acquire land for housing accommodation.

Land Acquisition

• The Land Acquisition Act applies to the acquisition of land otherwise than by agreement, and special provisions are made for determination by a special tribunal and compensation.

Levy of Betterment Charges

• Betterment charges may be levied in clearance and re-development areas, and the method of calculating the charge and procedure for determining the charge are specified.

Building Loans

• The corporation has powers to grant loans for building purposes, including the power to make advances for the purpose of increasing housing accommodation.

Here are the study notes for the text:

Licensing of Surveyors and Plumbers

• Section 355: Grant of licenses to surveyors and plumbers
• Section 356: Regulations may be prescribed for guidance of licenses to surveyors and plumbers
• Section 357: Fees and charges of licensed plumbers to be prescribed by the Standing Committee
• Section 358: Licensed plumber to be bound to execute work properly

Municipal Fire-Brigade

• Section 359: Maintenance of firemen and of necessary fire-engines, etc.
• Section 360: Power to make regulations for fire-brigade
• Section 361: Powers of chief officer of fire-brigade at a fire
• Section 362: Police and municipal officers and servants to aid the fire-brigade
• Section 363: Damages done by fire-brigade to be deemed damaged by fire
• Section 364: Reports of fires to be submitted

Sanitary Provisions

• Scavenging and Cleansing:
  • Section 365: Commissioner to provide for cleansing of streets and removal of refuse
  • Section 366: Refuse, etc., to be the property of the Corporation
  • Section 367: Provision and appointment of receptacles, depots, and places for refuse, etc.
  • Section 368: Duty of owners and occupiers to collect and deposit dust, etc.
• Section 369: Provision may be made by Commissioner for collection, etc., of excrementitious and polluted matter
• Section 370: Collection and removal of excrementitious and polluted matter when to be provided for by occupiers
• Section 371: Halalkhor's duties in certain cases may not be discharged by private individuals without the Commissioner's permission
• Section 372: Prohibition of various activities related to refuse, etc.
• Section 373: Presumptions as to offender under clause (e) of section 372

Inspection and Sanitary Regulation of Premises

• Section 374: Power to inspect premises for sanitary purposes
• Section 375: Cleansing and lime washing of any building may be required
• Section 375A: Removal of building materials from any premises may be required
• Section 376: Abandoned or unoccupied premises
• Section 377: Neglected premises
• Section 377A: Nuisance arising from defective roof
• Section 378: Buildings or rooms in buildings unfit for human habitation
• Section 378A: Power to require repair of insanitary buildings
• Section 378B: Power to order demolition of insanitary building
• Section 378C: Procedure where demolition order made
• Section 378D: Regulations to determine the fitness of a building
• Section 378E: Power to order demolition of obstructive building
• Section 378F: Effect of order for demolition of obstructive building
• Section 378G: Compensation for acquiring obstructive building recoverable in certain cases as improvement expenses
• Section 378H: Appeal against demolition orders
• Section 378I: Prohibition of back-to-back buildings

Other Provisions

• Section 379: Power of Commissioner to call for statement of accommodation
• Section 379A: Overcrowded dwellings
• Section 380: Insanitary huts and sheds
• Section 381: Filling in of pools, etc., which are a nuisance
• Section 381A: Permissions for new well, etc.
• Section 381B: Prohibition of mosquito breeding in collection of water on any land
• Section 382: Dangerous quarrying may be stopped
• Section 383: Removal and trimming of trees, shrubs, and hedges
• Section 384: Prohibition as to keeping animals
• Section 384A: Stabling animals or storing grain in dwelling houses may be prohibited
• Section 385: Removal of carcasses of dead animals
• Section 386: Places for public bathing, etc., to be fixed by the Commissioner
• Section 387: Regulation of use of public bathing places, etc.
• Section 388: Prohibition of bathing, etc., contrary to order or regulation
• Section 389: Prohibition of corruption of water by steeping therein animal or other matter, etc.

Regulation of Factories, Trades, etc.

• Section 390: Factory, etc., not to be newly established without permission of the Commissioner
• Section 391: Furnaces used in trade or manufacture to consume their own smoke
• Section 392: Sanitary regulation of factories, etc.
• Section 393: Prohibition of use of steam-whistle or steam-trumpet without permission of the Commissioner
• Section 394: Certain articles or animals not to be kept and certain trades, processes, and operations not to be carried on, without a license
• Section 394A: Power to prohibit the keeping of certain articles of dangerous character in certain premises or areas
• Section 395: Prohibition of corruption of water by chemicals, etc.
• Section 396: Power of inspection, etc., of premises where licensable articles are kept or trade, process, or operation carried on or where prohibited articles are kept

Maintenance and Regulation of Markets and Slaughter-houses

• Section 398: What to be deemed municipal markets and slaughter-houses
• Section 399: Provisions of new municipal markets and slaughter-houses
• Section 400: Municipal markets and slaughter-houses may be closed
• Section 401: Prohibition of sale in a municipal market without license of Commissioner
• Section 402: Opening of new private markets
• Section 403: Private markets not to be kept or permitted to be kept open and no place to be used or permitted to be used as slaughter-houses, without license
• Section 404: Prohibition of sale in unauthorised private markets
• Section 405: Provision for requiring private market building and slaughter-houses to be properly paved and drained
• Section 406: Regulations to be framed for markets and slaughter-houses
• Section 407: Levy of stallages, rents, and fees in municipal markets and slaughter-houses
• Section 407A: Removal of live cattle, sheep, goats, or swine from any municipal slaughter-house, market, or premises

Licensing of Butchers, etc.

• Section 411: Butchers and persons who sell or supply the flesh of animals to be licensed
• Section 412: Prohibition of import of cattle, etc., into Brihan Mumbai without permission
• Section 412A: License required for dealing in milk, etc.

Prevention of Spread of Dangerous Diseases

• Section 421: Information to be given of existence of dangerous disease or continuous pyrexia of unknown origin
• Section 422: Any place may at any time be inspected for the purpose of preventing the spread of dangerous disease
• Section 423: Prohibition of use for drinking of water likely to cause dangerous disease
• Section 424: Commissioner may order removal of patient to hospital
• Section 425: Disinfection of buildings, etc.
• Section 426: Destruction of huts and sheds, when necessary
• Section 426A: Second-hand clothing and bedding not to be brought into Brihan Mumbai without informing Commissioner and getting them inspected

Vital Statistics

• Section 442: Appointment of registrars
• Section 443: Registrars to reside in the respective districts
• Section 444: Register-books to be supplied
• Section 445: Registrars to inform themselves of all births and deaths

The Brihan Mumbai Electric Supply and Transport Undertaking

• Section 460A: Management of Undertaking by General Manager
• Section 460B: Power of access to works
• Section 460C: Power of carrying, renewing, and repairing works
• Section 460F: Reservation of power over streets of Bombay Gas Co. Ltd.
• Section 460G: Restriction on building and other acts interfering with works of the undertaking

Penalties

• Section 471: Certain offenses punishable with fine
• Section 472: Continuing offenses
• Section 473: Offences punishable under the Penal Code
• Section 474: Punishment for acquiring share or interest in contract, etc., with the corporation
• Section 474A: Penalty for obstructing lawful exercise of powers under Chapter V-A

Licenses and Permissions

• Licenses and written permissions may be granted with specified conditions and fees
• Licenses and written permissions may be revoked, and the grantee will be deemed to be without a license or written permission
• Grantees are bound to produce their license or written permission

Public Notices and Advertisements

• Public notices must be made known in a specific manner
• Advertisements must be made in a specific manner
• The consent of the Commissioner, General Manager, etc. may be proved by a written document under their signature

Service of Notices, etc.

• Notices, etc. must be served by specific individuals
• Service may be affected on owners of premises and other persons in a specific manner
• The Commissioner may call for information as to ownership of premises

Power of Entry

• The Commissioner, etc. may enter any premises for purposes of inspection, survey, or execution of necessary work
• The Commissioner may evict persons summarily in certain cases

Enforcement of Orders

• Works, etc. that any person is required to execute may be executed by the Commissioner at that person's cost
• Expenses recoverable under this Act are payable on demand and may be recovered as an arrear of property tax
• In default of the owner, the occupier may be liable for payment of expenses

Improvement Expenses

• Expenses may be declared to be improvement expenses
• Improvement expenses are payable by the owner
• Redemption of charge for improvement expenses is possible
• Instalments due under sections 493 and 495 may be recovered

Payment of Compensation

• Compensation for damages may be paid by the Commissioner or General Manager
• Compensation to be paid by offenders against this Act for any damage caused by them
• Disputes related to expenses or compensation may be determined by the Chief Judge of the Small Cause Court

Proceedings before the Chief Judge of the Small Cause Court

• Disputes may be determined by the Chief Judge of the Small Cause Court
• Amount of expenses or compensation may be determined by the Chief Judge of the Small Cause Court
• Expenses or compensation awarded by the Chief Judge of the Small Cause Court may be recovered

Proceedings before Magistrates

• Cognizance of offences
• Appointment of Presidency Magistrates
• Limitation of time within which complaints of offences punishable under this Act shall be entertained

Arrest of Offenders

• Offenders against this Act may be arrested by police officers in certain cases
• Offences under specific sections are cognizable and bailable or non-bailable

Control

• Power to State Government to provide for performance of duties in default of any municipal authority
• Power to the State Government to enforce repair, etc., of Vehar water-works
• Expenses of measures enforced under sections 518 and 519 how to be recovered

Supplemental Provisions

• Councillors, etc. to be deemed to be public servants
• Power of State Government to accord previous sanction
• Co-operation of Police
• Computation of time and measurement of distances

Definitions

• “the city” refers to the area specified in Part I of Schedule A to the Greater Bombay Laws and the Bombay High Court (Declaration of Limits) Act, 1945.
• “extended suburbs” means the area specified in Part IV of Schedule A to the Greater Bombay Laws and the Bombay High Court (Declaration of Limits) Act, 1945.
• “Brihan Mumbai” means the area specified in Parts I, II, and III of Schedule A to the Greater Bombay Laws and the Bombay High Court (Declaration of Limits) Act, 1945.
• “the suburbs” means the area specified in Part II and III of Schedule A to the Greater Bombay Laws and the Bombay High Court (Declaration of Limits) Act, 1945.

Corporation and Officials

• “the corporation” means the Municipal Corporation of Brihan Mumbai constituted or deemed to have been constituted under this Act.
• “Councillor” means a person duly elected as a member of the Corporation and includes a nominated Councillor who does not have the right to vote or get elected as a Mayor.
• “Commission” means the Public Service Commission constituted for the State of Bombay under the Constitution of India.
• “Commissioner” means the Municipal Commissioner for Brihan Mumbai appointed under section 54, and includes an Additional Municipal Commissioner and an acting Commissioner.

Officers and Officials

• “Deputy Commissioner” means a Deputy Municipal Commissioner appointed under section 55 and includes an acting Deputy Commissioner and an Additional Deputy Municipal Commissioner.
• “Director” means the Director (Engineering Services and Projects) appointed under section 54A.
• “Designated Officer” means an officer designated under sub-section (1) of section 351.
• “Police Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Police for Brihan Mumbai.

Elections and Representation

• “election” means an election to fill a seat or seats of a Councillor or Councillors under this Act.
• “Assembly constituency” means a constituency provided by law for the purpose of elections to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, or any part thereof, which is for the time being comprised in Brihan Mumbai.
• “Assembly roll” means the electoral roll prepared for any Assembly Constituency in accordance with the provisions of the Representation of the Peoples Act, 1950.

Other Definitions

• “Scheduled Castes” means such castes, races, or tribes, or parts of, or groups within, such castes, races, or tribes as are deemed to be Scheduled Castes in relation to the State of Maharashtra under article 341 of the Constitution of India.
• “Scheduled Tribes” means such tribes or tribal communities, or parts of, or groups within, such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed to be Scheduled Tribes in relation to the State of Maharashtra under article 342 of the Constitution of India.
• “Small Cause Court” means the Court of Small Causes of Bombay.
• “State Election Commission” means the State Election Commission consisting of the State Election Commissioner appointed in accordance with the provisions of clause (1) of article 243-K of the Constitution of India.
• “owner” means the person who receives the rent of the premises, or who would be entitled to receive the rent therein, and includes an agent or trustee, a receiver, sequestrator, or manager appointed by any court of competent jurisdiction.

Infrastructure and Amenities

• “land” includes land which is being built upon or is built upon, or covered with water, benefits to arise out of land, things attached to the earth, or permanently fastened to anything attached to the earth, and rights created by legislative enactment over any street.
• “building” includes a house, out-house, stable, shed, hut, tank, and every other such structure, whether of masonry, bricks, wood, mud, metal, or any other material.
• “tenement” means a building or a part of a building, other than a temporary building or a part thereof, let or intended to be let or occupied separately.
• “water-work” includes a lake, stream, spring, well, pump, reservoir, cistern, tank, tunnel, duct, whether covered or open, sluice, main pipe, culvert, engine, and any machinery, land, building, or thing for supplying or used for supplying water.
• “drain” includes a sewer, pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, and any other device for carrying of sewage, offensive matter, polluted water, sullage, waste water, rainwater, or sub-soil water, and any ejectors, compressed air mains, sealed sewage mains, and special machinery or apparatus for raising, collecting, expelling, or removing sewage or offensive matter to the sewage outfall.

Public Health and Sanitation

• “house-gully” means a passage or strip of land constructed, set apart, or utilized for the purpose of serving as a drain or of affording access to a privy, urinal, cesspool, or other receptacle for filthy or polluted matter.
• “nuisance” includes any act, omission, place, or thing which causes or is likely to cause injury, danger, annoyance, or offence to the sense of sight, smelling, or hearing, or which is or may be dangerous to life or injurious to health or property.
• “dangerous disease” means cholera and any endemic, epidemic, or infectious disease by which the life of man is endangered.

Miscellaneous

• “official year” means the year commencing on the first day of April.
• “public holiday” means a day or other period of time on or during which by an order of the State Government published in the Official Gazette, Government offices in the city are closed.
• “bakehouse” means any place in which are baked bread, biscuits, or confectionery, from the baking or selling of which a profit is derived.
• “eating-house” means any premises to which the public are admitted and where any kind of food is prepared or supplied for consumption on the premises for the profit or gain of any person owning or having an interest in or managing such premises.
• “market” includes any place where persons assemble for the sale of or for the purpose of exposing for sale, meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, animals, intended for human food or any other articles of human food whatsoever, with or without the consent of the owner of such place, notwithstanding that there may be no common regulation of the concourse of buyers and sellers and whether or not any control is exercised over the business of or the persons frequenting the market by the owner of the place or any other person.
• “the Brihan Mumbai Electric Supply and Transport Undertaking” means all undertakings acquired, organised, constructed, maintained, extended, managed or conducted by the corporation for the purpose of providing tramways, trackless trams, or mechanically propelled transport facilities for the conveyance of the public or for the purpose of supplying electrical energy to the public.