Elements and Compounds: Particle Theory of Matter
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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

  • An element is a solid, while a compound is a liquid or gas.
  • An element is a mixture of two or more substances, while a compound is a pure substance.
  • An element is a chemical property, while a compound is a physical property.
  • An element is a pure substance, while a compound is a mixture of two or more substances. (correct)

    • The Particle Theory of Matter states that particles are always moving.

    True

    What is the physical property of a substance that is the ability to be bent into different shapes?

    Malleability

    The chemical property of a substance that is the ability to burn is known as ______________.

    <p>Combustibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following physical properties with their definitions:

    <p>Hardness = The ability of a substance to be bent into different shapes. Malleability = The resistance to being scratched or dented. Solubility = The ability of a substance to dissolve. Viscosity = The amount of matter per unit volume of that matter. Density = How easily a liquid flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the density of a substance with a mass of 39.5 g and a volume of 22L?

    <p>1.8 g/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements are man-made?

    <p>Elements 93-103</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is Hydrogen an Alkali Metal?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a plastic comb is rubbed with a sheep?

    <p>Plastic comb becomes negative and sheep wool becomes positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only insulators can be charged in the induction process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the third method of transferring electrical charges?

    <p>Induction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The equation to measure current is ______________.

    <p>I = ΔQ / Δt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method of discharging an electrical object by touching it to a neutral object?

    <p>Grounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following methods of transferring electrical charges with their descriptions:

    <p>Friction = Objects made of different types of matter are rubbed together Contact = Charging by contact happens when a charged object touches a neutral object Induction = A charged object can transfer a charge to a neutral object without touching it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rubbing paper with wax makes paper become positive and wax become negative.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electrostatic series?

    <p>The series of materials that can be charged by friction, with some materials becoming positive and others becoming negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Elements and Compounds

    • An element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom.
    • A compound is a substance that consists of two or more different elements, chemically bonded together.

    Particle Theory of Matter

    • All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules.
    • All particles of a pure substance are the same and are different from particles of another pure substance.
    • Particles are always moving, and their motion increases with temperature.
    • Particles attract each other, with stronger forces when closer together.

    Physical Properties

    • Physical state: solid, liquid, or gas.
    • Hardness: resistance to being scratched or dented.
    • Malleability: ability to be bent into different shapes.
    • Ductility: ability to be pulled into long thin wires.
    • Melting and boiling points: temperatures at which a substance changes state.
    • Solubility: ability of a substance to dissolve.
    • Viscosity: measure of how easily a liquid flows.
    • Density: amount of matter per unit volume of that matter.

    Chemical Properties

    • Combustibility: ability of a substance to burn.
    • Reactivity: how easily a substance reacts with another substance.
    • Sensitivity to light: how a substance reacts when exposed to light.

    Density Calculations

    • Density formula: D = mass / volume.
    • Example: Density of a substance with a mass of 39.5 g and a volume of 22L is 1.8 g/L.
    • Example: Density of a basketball with a mass of 758 g and a volume of 344.55 mL is 2.20 g/mL.

    Atomic Notation

    • Technetium: 99Tc43.

    Atomic Structure

    • Number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in Astatine: 85, 125, and 85 respectively.

    Isotopes

    • Isotopes are two or more forms of an element with the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons.

    Man-made Elements

    • Elements 93-103 are man-made.

    Element Classification

    • Hydrogen is not an Alkali Metal.

    Insulators and Conductors

    • An insulator is a material that prevents the flow of electricity, while a conductor is a material that allows the flow of electricity.

    Electrostatic Series

    • The electrostatic series is the order of materials that can be charged by rubbing against each other.
    • Examples of electrostatic series include:
      • Rubbing paper with wax: Paper becomes negative, wax becomes positive.
      • Rubbing a Taqwa hoodie with glass: Hoodie becomes negative, glass becomes positive.
      • Rubbing a plastic comb with a sheep: Comb becomes negative, sheep wool becomes positive.

    Transferring Electrical Charges

    • There are three ways to transfer electrical charges:
      • Friction: Objects made of different materials are rubbed together, producing a static net charge on each object.
      • Contact: Charging by contact occurs when a charged object touches a neutral object, causing electrons to move to balance the charges.
      • Induction: A charged object can transfer a charge to a neutral object without touching it, only possible with conductors.

    Discharging Electrical Objects

    • There are two methods to discharge an electrical object:
      • Grounding: Connecting the object to the ground to remove excess charge.
      • Discharge at a point: Discharging the object at a specific point to remove excess charge.

    Circuit Diagrams

    • A 3-cell, complete, controlled circuit with a variable resistor can be drawn as follows:
      • [Insert diagram]
    • A fused, parallel circuit with a 4-cell battery and 4 light bulbs (minimum 2 in series) can be drawn as follows:
      • [Insert diagram]

    Measuring Current

    • The equation to measure current is: [Insert equation]

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    Understand the basic concepts of elements and compounds, and learn about the particle theory of matter, including the properties of atoms and molecules.

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