Questions and Answers
What is the role of producers in a food chain?
What is the term for animals that eat other animals?
What is the result of removing a species from a food web?
Why has the human population increased suddenly?
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What is the term for the variety of species that exist?
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What is a possible consequence of using fertilizers in agriculture?
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What is the term used to describe the living components of an ecosystem?
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What type of symbiotic relationship exists between the anemone and the clownfish?
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What is the primary reason animals eat other organisms?
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What is the purpose of arrows in a food chain diagram?
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What is an example of a mutually symbiotic relationship besides the anemone and clownfish?
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What is the term used to describe the study of where organisms can be found?
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Study Notes
Distribution of Organisms
- Distribution refers to where organisms can be found; for example, penguins are primarily located in the Arctic.
- Organism distribution is influenced by both abiotic (non-living) factors and biotic (living) factors.
Biotic Factors
- Biotic factors include living components of ecosystems that affect organism distribution, such as:
- Disease
- Predation
- Food availability
- Competition
Biotic Relationships
- Biotic relationships involve interactions between living organisms, categorized under symbiosis.
- Symbiosis is classified based on the benefits to the organisms involved.
- Mutualism: Both species benefit (e.g., clownfish and anemone).
- Example: Clownfish receive shelter while providing food/nutrients to the anemone.
- Example: Pollinators (like bees) help plants reproduce while obtaining nectar.
Feeding Relationships
- Organisms store energy in the form of food, which is critical for survival.
- A food chain illustrates who eats whom in a habitat, indicating the direction of energy flow:
- Example: Sun → Oak Tree → Wood Mouse → Weasel → Owl
- Producers are organisms that create their own food, typically green plants.
- Primary consumers (herbivores) obtain energy directly from plants.
- Secondary consumers are carnivores that eat primary consumers (e.g., weasel and owl).
- Tertiary consumers are top predators in a food chain.
- Food webs connect multiple food chains to show interconnected feeding relationships.
Impact of Removing Species
- Removing a single organism from a food web can harm the entire ecosystem, especially due to factors like pesticides, habitat alteration, and climate change.
Human Impact on Biodiversity
- Human population growth is driven by:
- Industrialization, leading to increased wealth.
- Improved food production resulting in higher birth rates and survival.
- Greater human population results in:
- Increased demand for land for agriculture and housing.
- Over-hunting of species and habitat destruction.
Biodiversity
- Biodiversity encompasses the variety of all living things and includes:
- The range of species present in an ecosystem.
- Variations within species that allow them to adapt and survive.
Impact of Human Activities
- Fertilizers: Used to enhance food crop production but can pollute waterways, leading to algal blooms that deplete oxygen and harm marine life.
- Pesticides: Aimed at controlling pests but may inadvertently kill non-target organisms, affecting the food chain and ecosystem balance.
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2nd part