Bio 2nd

Questions and Answers

What is the role of producers in a food chain?

They are carnivores that eat other animals.

They produce their own food through photosynthesis. (correct)

They consume other organisms for energy.

They are only found at the top of the food chain.

What is the term for animals that eat other animals?

Carnivores (correct)

Primary consumers

Omnivores

Herbivores

What is the result of removing a species from a food web?

The ecosystem remains unaffected.

Only the removed species is affected.

The ecosystem is disrupted and other organisms are affected. (correct)

The food chain becomes shorter.

Why has the human population increased suddenly?

Due to industrialization and better food production. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the variety of species that exist?

Biodiversity Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of using fertilizers in agriculture?

Death of many fish and other marine creatures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the living components of an ecosystem?

Biotic factors Signup and view all the answers

What type of symbiotic relationship exists between the anemone and the clownfish?

Mutualistic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason animals eat other organisms?

To obtain chemical energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of arrows in a food chain diagram?

To indicate the direction of energy flow Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a mutually symbiotic relationship besides the anemone and clownfish?

Plants and pollinators Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the study of where organisms can be found?

Distribution Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Distribution of Organisms

Distribution refers to where organisms can be found; for example, penguins are primarily located in the Arctic.
Organism distribution is influenced by both abiotic (non-living) factors and biotic (living) factors.

Biotic Factors

Biotic factors include living components of ecosystems that affect organism distribution, such as:
- Disease
- Predation
- Food availability
- Competition

Biotic Relationships

Biotic relationships involve interactions between living organisms, categorized under symbiosis.
Symbiosis is classified based on the benefits to the organisms involved.
- Mutualism: Both species benefit (e.g., clownfish and anemone).
- Example: Clownfish receive shelter while providing food/nutrients to the anemone.
- Example: Pollinators (like bees) help plants reproduce while obtaining nectar.

Feeding Relationships

Organisms store energy in the form of food, which is critical for survival.
A food chain illustrates who eats whom in a habitat, indicating the direction of energy flow:
- Example: Sun → Oak Tree → Wood Mouse → Weasel → Owl
Producers are organisms that create their own food, typically green plants.
Primary consumers (herbivores) obtain energy directly from plants.
Secondary consumers are carnivores that eat primary consumers (e.g., weasel and owl).
Tertiary consumers are top predators in a food chain.
Food webs connect multiple food chains to show interconnected feeding relationships.

Impact of Removing Species

Removing a single organism from a food web can harm the entire ecosystem, especially due to factors like pesticides, habitat alteration, and climate change.

Human Impact on Biodiversity

Human population growth is driven by:
- Industrialization, leading to increased wealth.
- Improved food production resulting in higher birth rates and survival.
Greater human population results in:
- Increased demand for land for agriculture and housing.
- Over-hunting of species and habitat destruction.

Biodiversity

Biodiversity encompasses the variety of all living things and includes:
- The range of species present in an ecosystem.
- Variations within species that allow them to adapt and survive.

Impact of Human Activities

Fertilizers: Used to enhance food crop production but can pollute waterways, leading to algal blooms that deplete oxygen and harm marine life.
Pesticides: Aimed at controlling pests but may inadvertently kill non-target organisms, affecting the food chain and ecosystem balance.