Untitled Quiz

To predict individual outcomes from other individual variables as well as group level variables, taking into account the grouping structure

A micro-level variable is an individual characteristic, such as a student's test score, whereas a macro-level variable is a group characteristic, such as a school's average test score.

To ensure the validity of statistical tests and to prevent biased results.

<p>When you want to understand group-level effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, MLM can predict constructs at multiple levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding how a teacher influences a child's learning or how a work environment affects employee productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multi-stage sampling is a sampling method where units are selected in multiple stages, which is often used in MLM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diagram suggests that there is a macro-level variable not indicated by the dotted line, and MLM can be used to model this relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MLM (Multi-Level Modeling)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micro-level individual performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Z predicts Y, holding constant score on X</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual results (Y)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>School (Z) is a predictor of individual results (Y)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Verbal IQ predicts year 12 results</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It takes into account the nested structure of the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To understand the relationship between Z and Y</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pupils within classrooms, where variables such as test result and classroom size are measured at the individual level, but need to be aggregated to the classroom level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calculate the means of the test results and then perform a regression at the macro level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggregation refers to the process of taking all data points at the lowest level and aggregating them into a single data point at a higher level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aggregation is okay if you are only interested in macro-level information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ecological fallacy, where aggregated data is mistakenly interpreted at a lower level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disaggregation is not defined in the text, but it refers to the process of breaking down aggregated data into its individual components at a lower level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To examine individual-level data and avoid issues related to aggregation, such as the ecological fallacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Do larger classes affect test results?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.05</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>14.7% of the variance in the test score is due to the group structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between 0 and 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Add the residual variance and the variance of the intercept.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The variation in the outcome variable due to the group structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A model with a group of schools as the level 2 unit and SES as a predictor of math test results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We find a difference between the aggregated and disaggregated scores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measure of macro-level variable considered as micro-level, miraculous multiplication of the number of units, risks of type 1 errors, and not taking into account correlated observations within a macro-unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize the risk of erroneous conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fixed effects ANOVA assumes groups refer to categories with distinct interpretations, while random effects ANOVA assumes groups are samples from a population of possible macro units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>β0j = γ00 + u0j, which includes both a fixed and random component.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The null hypothesis changes depending on the specific research question and the level of analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The equation is not provided in the text, but it is a combination of the variance of the random effect (u0j) and the variance of the residual error (εij).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the correlation between two randomly drawn individuals in one randomly drawn group.</p> Signup and view all the answers