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Questions and Answers
Virus means what in latin
Virus means what in latin
- Poison (correct)
- Kelp
- Bacti
- Viron
Who discovered Virus and in what year?
Who discovered Virus and in what year?
- Dimitri Ivanosky 1892 (correct)
- Beijerinck 1897
- Dmitri Ivanosky 1894
- Dtanley Rendell 1935
Who coined tge term virus
Who coined tge term virus
- Bawden 1943
- Loria 1896
- Darnell 1987
- Beijerinck 1897 (correct)
What are viruses composed of?
What are viruses composed of?
Who discovered whwt viruses are composed of?
Who discovered whwt viruses are composed of?
Who described viruses as " an obligatory parasitic organism whose size is less than 200micrometer"
Who described viruses as " an obligatory parasitic organism whose size is less than 200micrometer"
Who defined virus as a sub microscopic entity capable of being introduced into living cells amd reoroducing such cells.
Who defined virus as a sub microscopic entity capable of being introduced into living cells amd reoroducing such cells.
"A virus is an entity wgose genome is a nucleic acid either DNA/RNA which reproduces inside living cells and uses their synthetic machinery to direct is synthesis" this definition was givem by?
"A virus is an entity wgose genome is a nucleic acid either DNA/RNA which reproduces inside living cells and uses their synthetic machinery to direct is synthesis" this definition was givem by?
"A small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of an organism" was defined by?
"A small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of an organism" was defined by?
Virsues are also called?
Virsues are also called?
Stydy of viruses is called Virology in the vranch if microbiology
Stydy of viruses is called Virology in the vranch if microbiology
About how many viruses have been identified
About how many viruses have been identified
Origin of viruses are know/ clear
Origin of viruses are know/ clear
Pieces of DNA thatbcan move bacteria cells are know as?
Pieces of DNA thatbcan move bacteria cells are know as?
Viruses might have evolved from?
Viruses might have evolved from?
Viruses are at the - of life
Viruses are at the - of life
Visruses evolved from?
Visruses evolved from?
Viruses are considered to be living organisms
Viruses are considered to be living organisms
Viruses are considered to be living organisms because they contain genetic material,reproduve and evolve through natural selection
Viruses are considered to be living organisms because they contain genetic material,reproduve and evolve through natural selection
A virus is made up of how many main parts?
A virus is made up of how many main parts?
main parts of A vius are?
main parts of A vius are?
DNA
DNA
RNA
RNA
Genetic material is located where?
Genetic material is located where?
- is a nucleic acid component of a virus located within the caspid
- is a nucleic acid component of a virus located within the caspid
Nucleic acid contains?
Nucleic acid contains?
Genome in plant viruses is?
Genome in plant viruses is?
Genome in Animal and bacterial viruses is?
Genome in Animal and bacterial viruses is?
Nucleic acids of DNA viruses is smaller in size than that of nucleic acid of RNA viruses
Nucleic acids of DNA viruses is smaller in size than that of nucleic acid of RNA viruses
DNA or RNA molecule may be
DNA or RNA molecule may be
The base in DNA Is called?
The base in DNA Is called?
Tge base in RNA
Tge base in RNA
mRNA
mRNA
The change of a single stranded RNA from positive to negative depends on what?
The change of a single stranded RNA from positive to negative depends on what?
Types of Nucleic Acids in Virons
Types of Nucleic Acids in Virons
The nucleic acids determines the propertoes of the virus and is also the infecteous part of the virus
The nucleic acids determines the propertoes of the virus and is also the infecteous part of the virus
The protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid component of a virus is called?
The protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid component of a virus is called?
Caspids is made up of small units called?
Caspids is made up of small units called?
Capsometers which are made up of one or more different protein units are called?
Capsometers which are made up of one or more different protein units are called?
Shapes of caspids?
Shapes of caspids?
Which of the following is false about caspids
Which of the following is false about caspids
Which is an example of spherical or golf ball like
Which is an example of spherical or golf ball like
Polyhedral
Polyhedral
Helical
Helical
Complex
Complex
Caspid is covered with...... thick envelope
Caspid is covered with...... thick envelope
Amount of nucleic acid in a virys varies from?
Amount of nucleic acid in a virys varies from?
Caspid is covered with a thick envelope called
Caspid is covered with a thick envelope called
Viral envelope consists of?
Viral envelope consists of?
Viruses that have viral envelopes are called?
Viruses that have viral envelopes are called?
Viral envelope provides shape and ridigity found in viral envelopes
Viral envelope provides shape and ridigity found in viral envelopes
Viruses without viral envelopes are called
Viruses without viral envelopes are called
Some enveloped viruses have spikes which allows the virus to attach tonits host cells.
Some enveloped viruses have spikes which allows the virus to attach tonits host cells.
First Enzyme discorved was?
First Enzyme discorved was?
Neuraminidase, DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (transcriptases), reverse transcriptase. Essential for infection and growth
Neuraminidase, DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (transcriptases), reverse transcriptase. Essential for infection and growth
In some viruses, the capsid is covered with --------thick envelope called viral envelope
In some viruses, the capsid is covered with --------thick envelope called viral envelope
neuraminidase is in?
neuraminidase is in?
DNA-dependent RNA is called
DNA-dependent RNA is called
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase were detected in?
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase were detected in?
These enzymes are collectively called
These enzymes are collectively called
synthesize messenger RNA (mRNA) from the nucleic acid of a virus
synthesize messenger RNA (mRNA) from the nucleic acid of a virus
which enzyme synthesizes DNA from
ssRNA template. These enzymes are essential for infection and growth of viruses.
which enzyme synthesizes DNA from ssRNA template. These enzymes are essential for infection and growth of viruses.
A reverse transcriptase has been detected in RNA
A reverse transcriptase has been detected in RNA
Carbohydrates have been
Carbohydrates have been
The most widely used system for the classification of viruses proposed by?
The most widely used system for the classification of viruses proposed by?
The most widely used system for the classification of viruses proposedby Lwoff et al. (1962)
is based on the properties of the virion such as:
The most widely used system for the classification of viruses proposedby Lwoff et al. (1962) is based on the properties of the virion such as:
Double – stranded RNA viruse
Double – stranded RNA viruse
Double – stranded DNA viruses.
Double – stranded DNA viruses.
Single – stranded DNA viruses
Single – stranded DNA viruses
Single – stranded RNA+
viruses.
Single – stranded RNA+ viruses.
Single – stranded RNA-
viruses
Single – stranded RNA- viruses
helical viruses (
helical viruses (
-------- isthe spectrum of organisms a particular virus infects?
-------- isthe spectrum of organisms a particular virus infects?
------- is determined
largely by the presence of appropriate receptors on the host cell’s surface.
------- is determined largely by the presence of appropriate receptors on the host cell’s surface.
Some viruses are as small as
Some viruses are as small as
Other viruses are as large as?
Other viruses are as large as?
viruses range from
about 1/10th to 1/3rd the size of a small bacterial cell
viruses range from about 1/10th to 1/3rd the size of a small bacterial cell
In terms of simplicity, the largest virus
contains only has how many genes while the smallest has how many?
In terms of simplicity, the largest virus contains only has how many genes while the smallest has how many?
Largest virus
Largest virus
Biggest virus
Biggest virus
Study Notes
Viruses and Virology
- The term "virus" comes from the Latin word for "venom" or "poison".
- The discovery of viruses is attributed to Dmitri Ivanovsky in 1892, and the term "virus" was coined by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898.
- Viruses are composed of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) and a protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid component.
Characteristics of Viruses
- Viruses are "an obligatory parasitic organism whose size is less than 200 micrometer" (described by Loeffler and Frosch).
- A virus is a "sub-microscopic entity capable of being introduced into living cells and re-producing such cells" (defined by Bawden).
- A virus is an entity whose genome is a nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) that reproduces inside living cells and uses their synthetic machinery to direct its synthesis (defined by Luria and Darnell).
- A virus is a "small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of an organism" (defined by Holmes).
Study of Viruses
- The study of viruses is called Virology, a branch of microbiology.
- Approximately 2,000 viruses have been identified to date.
Origin of Viruses
- The origin of viruses is not fully understood or clear.
- Pieces of DNA that can move between bacteria cells are known as transposons.
- Viruses might have evolved from transposons or other genetic elements.
Structure of Viruses
- A virus is made up of three main parts: genetic material (either DNA or RNA), a protein coat (capsid), and a viral envelope (in some viruses).
- The genetic material is located within the capsid.
- The nucleic acid component of a virus contains the genome, which determines the properties of the virus and is the infectious part of the virus.
- DNA or RNA molecules can be single-stranded or double-stranded.
Types of Nucleic Acids
- The base in DNA is called a nucleotide.
- The base in RNA is called a nucleoside.
- mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information.
Capsid and Viral Envelope
- The protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid component of a virus is called the capsid.
- The capsid is made up of small units called capsomers.
- The capsid can be spherical, polyhedral, helical, or complex in shape.
- The viral envelope is a thick, lipid bilayer membrane that covers the capsid in some viruses.
- The viral envelope consists of lipids and proteins from the host cell and provides shape and rigidity to the virus.
- Viruses with viral envelopes are called enveloped viruses, and those without are called naked viruses.
- Some enveloped viruses have spikes that allow the virus to attach to its host cells.
Enzymes
- The first enzyme discovered was neuraminidase, followed by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (transcriptase) and reverse transcriptase.
- These enzymes are essential for infection and growth.
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