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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of matter?
What is the best technique for separating liquids with different boiling points?
What type of change occurs when NaCl dissolves in water?
What is an example of a chemical property?
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What type of mixture is soil?
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What occurs when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid?
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What is an example of a physical property?
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What type of mixture is Italian salad dressing?
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What type of change occurs when silver tarnishes?
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What type of change occurs when an apple is cut into smaller pieces?
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What type of change occurs when Fe rusts?
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What type of change occurs when H2O changes state from liquid to gas?
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What type of change occurs when baking soda reacts with vinegar?
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Study Notes
Matter and Energy
- Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space
- Examples of non-matter include light, heat, sound, and other forms of energy
Separation Techniques
- Distillation is the best technique for separating liquids with different boiling points
- Distillation works by separating liquids based on their boiling points, with the liquid having the lower boiling point vaporizing first
- If the boiling points are the same, distillation is not effective
Physical and Chemical Changes
- Physical changes:
- NaCl dissolving in water (salt remains salt, just dissolved)
- An apple being cut (apple is still apple, just in smaller pieces)
- Heat changing H2O to steam (water changes state, but is still water)
- Alcohol evaporating (alcohol changes state, but is still alcohol)
- Ice melting (water changes state, but is still water)
- Chemical changes:
- Ag tarnishing (silver reacts with sulfur to form silver sulfide)
- Baking soda reacting to vinegar (new substances formed, gas released)
- Fe rusting (iron reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide)
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Physical properties:
- Color (e.g., blue)
- Density
- Solubility
- Melting point
- Luster
- Chemical properties:
- Flammability
- Reacting with acid
- Supporting combustion
Classification of Substances
- Elements:
- Gold (Au)
- Compounds:
- Salt (NaCl)
- Pure Water (Hâ‚‚O)
- Solutions (homogeneous mixtures):
- Salt Water
- Steel (iron and carbon)
- Gatorade
- Heterogeneous mixtures:
- Sand
- Soil
- Italian salad dressing
- Chocolate Chip Cookie
- Fruit Pebbles cereal
Identifying Physical and Chemical Changes
- NaCl (salt) dissolves in water, remaining salt, but in a dissolved state, making it a physical change.
- Silver (Ag) tarnishes when it reacts with sulfur to form silver sulfide, a new substance, making it a chemical change.
- Cutting an apple into smaller pieces is a physical change, as the apple remains an apple, just in a different form.
- Heating water (H2O) to produce steam is a physical change, as the water changes state but remains water.
- Mixing baking soda with vinegar results in a chemical change, as new substances are formed and gas is released.
- Rusting of iron (Fe) occurs when it reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide, a new substance, making it a chemical change.
- Evaporation of alcohol is a physical change, as it changes state but remains alcohol.
- Melting of ice to form water is a physical change, as water changes state but remains water.
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Description
Test your understanding of basic chemistry concepts, including matter and energy, separation techniques, and physical and chemical properties.
