Philosophy of Justice

Defining Justice

• Justice is a set of universal principles that guide people in judging what is right and wrong, regardless of culture and society.
• Justice involves "giving to each what he or she is due", but the problem is knowing what is "due".
• Justice is one of the four cardinal virtues of classical moral philosophy, along with courage, temperance, and prudence.

Distinguishing Justice from Charity

• Justice is distinct from the virtue of charity.
• Charity is the soul of justice, supplying the material foundation for charity.
• Justice deals with the substance and rules for guiding ordinary human interactions, while charity deals with the spirit of human interactions and exceptional cases.

Philosophical Developments of the Concept of Justice

• The concept of justice involves a moral imperative, and it is not a zero-sum game where one gains only at the expense of another.
• Aristotle divided justice into two parts: Commutative justice and distributive justice.
• Commutative justice deals with exchanges of equal or equivalent value between individuals or groups.
• Distributive justice deals with the distribution of something among various people in proportion to what each deserves.

Defining Social and Economic Justice

• Social justice is the broader concept and encompasses economic justice.
• Social justice is the virtue that guides us in creating organized human interactions (institutions).
• Social justice imposes a personal responsibility on each of us to work with others to design and perfect our institutions.
• Economic justice determines how each person earns a living, enters into contracts, and exchanges goods and services with others.

Property and Economic Justice

• Property is not the thing owned, but rather the relationships an owner justly acquires with respect to things.
• Property is a set of rights, powers, and privileges that an individual enjoys in their relationship to things.
• Private property is essential to economic justice, as it provides each person with a definable private property stake in the corporation and decentralizes economic power.

Rethinking Money and Economic Justice

• Money is a social tool, invented to facilitate economic transactions.
• Money can be used justly or unjustly, and its proper creation can free us from the "slavery of past savings".
• Proper creation of money can provide equal opportunity and access to every person to become an economically independent owner of new capital assets.

The Three Principles of Economic Justice

• The three essential and interdependent pillars of the expanded ownership theory of economic justice are:

  • Participative Justice (Participative Justice): ensuring equal access to the means of making a productive contribution to the economy.
  • Distributive Justice: defining the out-take rights of an economic system matched to each person's labor and capital inputs.
  • Social Justice: governing feedback and correction in order to restore a just and balanced economic order for all.### Economic Harmonies

• Economic harmonies refer to the laws of social adjustment that allow the self-interest of individuals or groups to produce maximum benefits for others and the community.

• It involves controlling monopolies, building checks-and-balances, and synchronizing distribution with participation.

Principles of Economic Justice

• The first principle involves justice in participation, including equal opportunity and removal of barriers to participation.
• The second principle involves justice in distribution, ensuring rewards are commensurate with input.
• The third principle reflects the pursuit of harmony, absolute values, and perfect understanding.

Economic Justice and Say's Law of Markets

• Aristotle's commutative justice involves balancing input and out-take.
• Double-entry bookkeeping and free market economies also reflect this principle.
• Jean Baptiste Say's Law postulates that supply creates its own demand, and demand its own supply.
• However, attempts to repeal or manipulate the laws of supply and demand have led to political and economic instability.

Criticisms of Say's Law

• Karl Marx rejected Say's Law, citing factors such as workers not being owners, growing global supply of workers, technological advancements, and concentration of wealth among owners.
• John Maynard Keynes also rejected Say's Law, focusing on demand-side economics and government intervention to stimulate aggregate demand.

Louis Kelso's Contribution

• Kelso revived the logic of Say's Law, proposing universal participation in ownership and profit distributions through citizen access to capital credit.
• This approach would restore equilibrium between supply and demand, even in the context of automation and artificial intelligence.

Applying the Principle of Social Justice

• Social Justice involves the pursuit of harmony, absolute values, and perfect understanding.
• Guidelines for achieving Social Justice include promoting equal opportunity, removing barriers to participation, and ensuring rewards are commensurate with input.
• The pursuit of Social Justice is a moral imperative, and its implementation requires ongoing effort and restructuring of the social order.

Defining Justice

• Justice is a set of universal principles that guide people in judging what is right and wrong, regardless of culture and society.
• Justice involves "giving to each what he or she is due", but the problem is knowing what is "due".
• Justice is one of the four cardinal virtues of classical moral philosophy, along with courage, temperance, and prudence.

Distinguishing Justice from Charity

• Justice is distinct from the virtue of charity.
• Charity is the soul of justice, supplying the material foundation for charity.
• Justice deals with the substance and rules for guiding ordinary human interactions, while charity deals with the spirit of human interactions and exceptional cases.

Philosophical Developments of the Concept of Justice

• The concept of justice involves a moral imperative, and it is not a zero-sum game where one gains only at the expense of another.
• Aristotle divided justice into two parts: Commutative justice and distributive justice.
• Commutative justice deals with exchanges of equal or equivalent value between individuals or groups.
• Distributive justice deals with the distribution of something among various people in proportion to what each deserves.

Defining Social and Economic Justice

• Social justice is the broader concept and encompasses economic justice.
• Social justice is the virtue that guides us in creating organized human interactions (institutions).
• Social justice imposes a personal responsibility on each of us to work with others to design and perfect our institutions.
• Economic justice determines how each person earns a living, enters into contracts, and exchanges goods and services with others.

Property and Economic Justice

• Property is not the thing owned, but rather the relationships an owner justly acquires with respect to things.
• Property is a set of rights, powers, and privileges that an individual enjoys in their relationship to things.
• Private property is essential to economic justice, as it provides each person with a definable private property stake in the corporation and decentralizes economic power.

Rethinking Money and Economic Justice

• Money is a social tool, invented to facilitate economic transactions.
• Money can be used justly or unjustly, and its proper creation can free us from the "slavery of past savings".
• Proper creation of money can provide equal opportunity and access to every person to become an economically independent owner of new capital assets.

The Three Principles of Economic Justice

• The three essential and interdependent pillars of the expanded ownership theory of economic justice are:

  • Participative Justice (Participative Justice): ensuring equal access to the means of making a productive contribution to the economy.
  • Distributive Justice: defining the out-take rights of an economic system matched to each person's labor and capital inputs.
  • Social Justice: governing feedback and correction in order to restore a just and balanced economic order for all.### Economic Harmonies

• Economic harmonies refer to the laws of social adjustment that allow the self-interest of individuals or groups to produce maximum benefits for others and the community.

• It involves controlling monopolies, building checks-and-balances, and synchronizing distribution with participation.

Principles of Economic Justice

• The first principle involves justice in participation, including equal opportunity and removal of barriers to participation.
• The second principle involves justice in distribution, ensuring rewards are commensurate with input.
• The third principle reflects the pursuit of harmony, absolute values, and perfect understanding.

Economic Justice and Say's Law of Markets

• Aristotle's commutative justice involves balancing input and out-take.
• Double-entry bookkeeping and free market economies also reflect this principle.
• Jean Baptiste Say's Law postulates that supply creates its own demand, and demand its own supply.
• However, attempts to repeal or manipulate the laws of supply and demand have led to political and economic instability.

Criticisms of Say's Law

• Karl Marx rejected Say's Law, citing factors such as workers not being owners, growing global supply of workers, technological advancements, and concentration of wealth among owners.
• John Maynard Keynes also rejected Say's Law, focusing on demand-side economics and government intervention to stimulate aggregate demand.

Louis Kelso's Contribution

• Kelso revived the logic of Say's Law, proposing universal participation in ownership and profit distributions through citizen access to capital credit.
• This approach would restore equilibrium between supply and demand, even in the context of automation and artificial intelligence.

Applying the Principle of Social Justice

• Social Justice involves the pursuit of harmony, absolute values, and perfect understanding.
• Guidelines for achieving Social Justice include promoting equal opportunity, removing barriers to participation, and ensuring rewards are commensurate with input.
• The pursuit of Social Justice is a moral imperative, and its implementation requires ongoing effort and restructuring of the social order.

Defining Justice

• Justice is a set of universal principles that guide people in judging what is right and wrong, regardless of culture and society.
• Justice involves "giving to each what he or she is due", but the problem is knowing what is "due".
• Justice is one of the four cardinal virtues of classical moral philosophy, along with courage, temperance, and prudence.

Distinguishing Justice from Charity

• Justice is distinct from the virtue of charity.
• Charity is the soul of justice, supplying the material foundation for charity.
• Justice deals with the substance and rules for guiding ordinary human interactions, while charity deals with the spirit of human interactions and exceptional cases.

Philosophical Developments of the Concept of Justice

• The concept of justice involves a moral imperative, and it is not a zero-sum game where one gains only at the expense of another.
• Aristotle divided justice into two parts: Commutative justice and distributive justice.
• Commutative justice deals with exchanges of equal or equivalent value between individuals or groups.
• Distributive justice deals with the distribution of something among various people in proportion to what each deserves.

Defining Social and Economic Justice

• Social justice is the broader concept and encompasses economic justice.
• Social justice is the virtue that guides us in creating organized human interactions (institutions).
• Social justice imposes a personal responsibility on each of us to work with others to design and perfect our institutions.
• Economic justice determines how each person earns a living, enters into contracts, and exchanges goods and services with others.

Property and Economic Justice

• Property is not the thing owned, but rather the relationships an owner justly acquires with respect to things.
• Property is a set of rights, powers, and privileges that an individual enjoys in their relationship to things.
• Private property is essential to economic justice, as it provides each person with a definable private property stake in the corporation and decentralizes economic power.

Rethinking Money and Economic Justice

• Money is a social tool, invented to facilitate economic transactions.
• Money can be used justly or unjustly, and its proper creation can free us from the "slavery of past savings".
• Proper creation of money can provide equal opportunity and access to every person to become an economically independent owner of new capital assets.

The Three Principles of Economic Justice

• The three essential and interdependent pillars of the expanded ownership theory of economic justice are:

  • Participative Justice (Participative Justice): ensuring equal access to the means of making a productive contribution to the economy.
  • Distributive Justice: defining the out-take rights of an economic system matched to each person's labor and capital inputs.
  • Social Justice: governing feedback and correction in order to restore a just and balanced economic order for all.### Economic Harmonies

• Economic harmonies refer to the laws of social adjustment that allow the self-interest of individuals or groups to produce maximum benefits for others and the community.

• It involves controlling monopolies, building checks-and-balances, and synchronizing distribution with participation.

Principles of Economic Justice

• The first principle involves justice in participation, including equal opportunity and removal of barriers to participation.
• The second principle involves justice in distribution, ensuring rewards are commensurate with input.
• The third principle reflects the pursuit of harmony, absolute values, and perfect understanding.

Economic Justice and Say's Law of Markets

• Aristotle's commutative justice involves balancing input and out-take.
• Double-entry bookkeeping and free market economies also reflect this principle.
• Jean Baptiste Say's Law postulates that supply creates its own demand, and demand its own supply.
• However, attempts to repeal or manipulate the laws of supply and demand have led to political and economic instability.

Criticisms of Say's Law

• Karl Marx rejected Say's Law, citing factors such as workers not being owners, growing global supply of workers, technological advancements, and concentration of wealth among owners.
• John Maynard Keynes also rejected Say's Law, focusing on demand-side economics and government intervention to stimulate aggregate demand.

Louis Kelso's Contribution

• Kelso revived the logic of Say's Law, proposing universal participation in ownership and profit distributions through citizen access to capital credit.
• This approach would restore equilibrium between supply and demand, even in the context of automation and artificial intelligence.

Applying the Principle of Social Justice

• Social Justice involves the pursuit of harmony, absolute values, and perfect understanding.
• Guidelines for achieving Social Justice include promoting equal opportunity, removing barriers to participation, and ensuring rewards are commensurate with input.
• The pursuit of Social Justice is a moral imperative, and its implementation requires ongoing effort and restructuring of the social order.

Defining Justice

• Justice is a set of universal principles that guide people in judging what is right and wrong, regardless of culture and society.
• Justice involves "giving to each what he or she is due", but the problem is knowing what is "due".
• Justice is one of the four cardinal virtues of classical moral philosophy, along with courage, temperance, and prudence.

Distinguishing Justice from Charity

• Justice is distinct from the virtue of charity.
• Charity is the soul of justice, supplying the material foundation for charity.
• Justice deals with the substance and rules for guiding ordinary human interactions, while charity deals with the spirit of human interactions and exceptional cases.

Philosophical Developments of the Concept of Justice

• The concept of justice involves a moral imperative, and it is not a zero-sum game where one gains only at the expense of another.
• Aristotle divided justice into two parts: Commutative justice and distributive justice.
• Commutative justice deals with exchanges of equal or equivalent value between individuals or groups.
• Distributive justice deals with the distribution of something among various people in proportion to what each deserves.

Defining Social and Economic Justice

• Social justice is the broader concept and encompasses economic justice.
• Social justice is the virtue that guides us in creating organized human interactions (institutions).
• Social justice imposes a personal responsibility on each of us to work with others to design and perfect our institutions.
• Economic justice determines how each person earns a living, enters into contracts, and exchanges goods and services with others.

Property and Economic Justice

• Property is not the thing owned, but rather the relationships an owner justly acquires with respect to things.
• Property is a set of rights, powers, and privileges that an individual enjoys in their relationship to things.
• Private property is essential to economic justice, as it provides each person with a definable private property stake in the corporation and decentralizes economic power.

Rethinking Money and Economic Justice

• Money is a social tool, invented to facilitate economic transactions.
• Money can be used justly or unjustly, and its proper creation can free us from the "slavery of past savings".
• Proper creation of money can provide equal opportunity and access to every person to become an economically independent owner of new capital assets.

The Three Principles of Economic Justice

• The three essential and interdependent pillars of the expanded ownership theory of economic justice are:

  • Participative Justice (Participative Justice): ensuring equal access to the means of making a productive contribution to the economy.
  • Distributive Justice: defining the out-take rights of an economic system matched to each person's labor and capital inputs.
  • Social Justice: governing feedback and correction in order to restore a just and balanced economic order for all.### Economic Harmonies

• Economic harmonies refer to the laws of social adjustment that allow the self-interest of individuals or groups to produce maximum benefits for others and the community.

• It involves controlling monopolies, building checks-and-balances, and synchronizing distribution with participation.

Principles of Economic Justice

• The first principle involves justice in participation, including equal opportunity and removal of barriers to participation.
• The second principle involves justice in distribution, ensuring rewards are commensurate with input.
• The third principle reflects the pursuit of harmony, absolute values, and perfect understanding.

Economic Justice and Say's Law of Markets

• Aristotle's commutative justice involves balancing input and out-take.
• Double-entry bookkeeping and free market economies also reflect this principle.
• Jean Baptiste Say's Law postulates that supply creates its own demand, and demand its own supply.
• However, attempts to repeal or manipulate the laws of supply and demand have led to political and economic instability.

Criticisms of Say's Law

• Karl Marx rejected Say's Law, citing factors such as workers not being owners, growing global supply of workers, technological advancements, and concentration of wealth among owners.
• John Maynard Keynes also rejected Say's Law, focusing on demand-side economics and government intervention to stimulate aggregate demand.

Louis Kelso's Contribution

• Kelso revived the logic of Say's Law, proposing universal participation in ownership and profit distributions through citizen access to capital credit.
• This approach would restore equilibrium between supply and demand, even in the context of automation and artificial intelligence.

Applying the Principle of Social Justice

• Social Justice involves the pursuit of harmony, absolute values, and perfect understanding.
• Guidelines for achieving Social Justice include promoting equal opportunity, removing barriers to participation, and ensuring rewards are commensurate with input.
• The pursuit of Social Justice is a moral imperative, and its implementation requires ongoing effort and restructuring of the social order.

Defining Justice

• Justice is a set of universal principles that guide people in judging what is right and wrong, regardless of culture and society.
• Justice involves "giving to each what he or she is due", but the problem is knowing what is "due".
• Justice is one of the four cardinal virtues of classical moral philosophy, along with courage, temperance, and prudence.

Distinguishing Justice from Charity

• Justice is distinct from the virtue of charity.
• Charity is the soul of justice, supplying the material foundation for charity.
• Justice deals with the substance and rules for guiding ordinary human interactions, while charity deals with the spirit of human interactions and exceptional cases.

Philosophical Developments of the Concept of Justice

• The concept of justice involves a moral imperative, and it is not a zero-sum game where one gains only at the expense of another.
• Aristotle divided justice into two parts: Commutative justice and distributive justice.
• Commutative justice deals with exchanges of equal or equivalent value between individuals or groups.
• Distributive justice deals with the distribution of something among various people in proportion to what each deserves.

Defining Social and Economic Justice

• Social justice is the broader concept and encompasses economic justice.
• Social justice is the virtue that guides us in creating organized human interactions (institutions).
• Social justice imposes a personal responsibility on each of us to work with others to design and perfect our institutions.
• Economic justice determines how each person earns a living, enters into contracts, and exchanges goods and services with others.

Property and Economic Justice

• Property is not the thing owned, but rather the relationships an owner justly acquires with respect to things.
• Property is a set of rights, powers, and privileges that an individual enjoys in their relationship to things.
• Private property is essential to economic justice, as it provides each person with a definable private property stake in the corporation and decentralizes economic power.

Rethinking Money and Economic Justice

• Money is a social tool, invented to facilitate economic transactions.
• Money can be used justly or unjustly, and its proper creation can free us from the "slavery of past savings".
• Proper creation of money can provide equal opportunity and access to every person to become an economically independent owner of new capital assets.

The Three Principles of Economic Justice

• The three essential and interdependent pillars of the expanded ownership theory of economic justice are:

  • Participative Justice (Participative Justice): ensuring equal access to the means of making a productive contribution to the economy.
  • Distributive Justice: defining the out-take rights of an economic system matched to each person's labor and capital inputs.
  • Social Justice: governing feedback and correction in order to restore a just and balanced economic order for all.### Economic Harmonies

• Economic harmonies refer to the laws of social adjustment that allow the self-interest of individuals or groups to produce maximum benefits for others and the community.

• It involves controlling monopolies, building checks-and-balances, and synchronizing distribution with participation.

Principles of Economic Justice

• The first principle involves justice in participation, including equal opportunity and removal of barriers to participation.
• The second principle involves justice in distribution, ensuring rewards are commensurate with input.
• The third principle reflects the pursuit of harmony, absolute values, and perfect understanding.

Economic Justice and Say's Law of Markets

• Aristotle's commutative justice involves balancing input and out-take.
• Double-entry bookkeeping and free market economies also reflect this principle.
• Jean Baptiste Say's Law postulates that supply creates its own demand, and demand its own supply.
• However, attempts to repeal or manipulate the laws of supply and demand have led to political and economic instability.

Criticisms of Say's Law

• Karl Marx rejected Say's Law, citing factors such as workers not being owners, growing global supply of workers, technological advancements, and concentration of wealth among owners.
• John Maynard Keynes also rejected Say's Law, focusing on demand-side economics and government intervention to stimulate aggregate demand.

Louis Kelso's Contribution

• Kelso revived the logic of Say's Law, proposing universal participation in ownership and profit distributions through citizen access to capital credit.
• This approach would restore equilibrium between supply and demand, even in the context of automation and artificial intelligence.

Applying the Principle of Social Justice

• Social Justice involves the pursuit of harmony, absolute values, and perfect understanding.
• Guidelines for achieving Social Justice include promoting equal opportunity, removing barriers to participation, and ensuring rewards are commensurate with input.
• The pursuit of Social Justice is a moral imperative, and its implementation requires ongoing effort and restructuring of the social order.