Sputum Collection Procedure
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for collecting sputum in the morning?

  • To increase the concentration of micro-organisms (correct)
  • To collect a smaller sample
  • To make the testing process faster
  • To reduce the amount of saliva in the sample

    • How much sputum is generally required for testing?

  • 1 or 2 teaspoons (correct)
  • 1 teaspoon
  • 3 or 4 teaspoons
  • 5 or 6 teaspoons

    • Why should the patient avoid using mouthwash before collecting sputum?

  • To increase the volume of the sample
  • To reduce the risk of infection
  • To avoid killing micro-organisms (correct)
  • To prevent bad breath

    • What is one of the factors examined in a routine urinalysis?

    <p>pH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of analyzing semen in a laboratory?

    <p>To assess fertility or effectiveness of a sterilization procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a sensitivity test in a urine culture?

    <p>To determine which antibiotics effectively kill the pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the patient handle the semen specimen after collection?

    <p>Protect it from extreme heat and cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to collect a clean-catch (midstream) urine specimen for a urine culture?

    <p>To minimize contamination of the urine sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the patient collect sputum in a sterile container?

    <p>To prevent contamination of the sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for collecting a urine specimen in the morning?

    <p>Because the urine is more concentrated after an overnight fast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the patient avoid doing before collecting a sputum sample?

    <p>Using mouthwash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible indication of a urine infection?

    <p>Presence of protein in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the patient do after collecting a semen sample?

    <p>Deliver the specimen to the lab immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a timed urine specimen?

    <p>To assess the function of the renal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is patient education essential for collecting a urine sample?

    <p>To explain the procedures for collecting a clean-catch urine specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of examining the specific gravity of the urine?

    <p>To assess the concentration of the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of pH for a urine specimen?

    <p>5.0 to 8.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a specific gravity of 1.005 indicate in a urine sample?

    <p>Diluted urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the presence of hemoglobin in a urine sample?

    <p>Bleeding or kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates infection in a urine sample?

    <p>White blood cells and nitrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of fat metabolism that can be detected in a urine sample?

    <p>Ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do samples left unrefrigerated for extended periods become more alkaline?

    <p>Due to bacterial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a urine reagent test strip?

    <p>To screen for potential health issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fecal occult blood test (FOBT)?

    <p>To diagnose gastrointestinal lesions and colorectal cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of analyzing the pH level of a urine specimen?

    <p>To evaluate the overall acidity of the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of specific gravity in urinalysis?

    <p>It indicates the concentration of the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hemoglobin testing in urinalysis?

    <p>To detect the presence of hemoglobin in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible indication of a urine infection?

    <p>The presence of white blood cells in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to avoid urine in the stool collection container?

    <p>To prevent destruction of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the patient collect a stool specimen for laboratory testing?

    <p>By defecating directly into the specimen container</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ketone detection in urinalysis?

    <p>To diagnose diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when performing urine reagent testing?

    <p>Using excessive amounts of urine on the reagent strip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the patient avoid eating before collecting a stool specimen for an FOBT?

    <p>Red meat, citrus fruits, and raw vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of nitrites in urinalysis?

    <p>They are an indicator of urine infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the patient wash their hands thoroughly after collecting a stool specimen?

    <p>To prevent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to follow the manufacturer's directions when performing urine reagent testing?

    <p>To ensure the accuracy of the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the patient do with the specimen container after collecting a stool specimen?

    <p>Secure the lid tightly and wash the outside of the container</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the patient not refrigerate a stool specimen undergoing testing for parasites?

    <p>To prevent destruction of the parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the patient use to collect small stool specimens on specific cards for an FOBT?

    <p>The applicators provided in the kit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for collecting stool specimens for an FOBT?

    <p>To ensure the correct preparation of the specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sputum is typically collected in the evening for accurate testing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Semen specimens are typically analyzed for fertility testing and sterilization procedures.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sputum sample is considered sufficient with a volume of 5 teaspoons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The patient should spit saliva into the sputum collection container.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The semen specimen should be exposed to extreme heat after collection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The patient should use mouthwash before collecting a sputum sample.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A urinalysis can be requested at any time of the day.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The clean-catch method is not suitable for patients who are able to understand instructions for depositing a urine sample into a sterile container.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A timed urine specimen is required for a urine culture.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sputum collection is typically done in the evening.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Semen specimens are typically collected at home.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stool specimen can be refrigerated before testing for parasites.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A urine pH of 7.5 is considered acidic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A specific gravity of 1.005 indicates concentrated urine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of bilirubin in urine can indicate kidney disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary purpose of a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is to detect viruses in the stool.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ketones in urine can indicate diabetes mellitus, starvation, or vomiting.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Urine reagent test strips can confirm the presence of a specific disease.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Protein in urine can indicate inflammation or kidney disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A urine specimen with a pH of 5.5 is considered normal.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sputum Collection

    • Sputum is material coughed from the lungs, often tested for respiratory infections (tuberculosis, pneumonia)
    • Collect sputum in the morning, before eating or drinking, as it is more concentrated
    • Provide a sterile sputum container and instruct the patient to:
      • Take a deep breath, cough forcefully and deeply, and expectorate into the container
      • Not spit saliva into the container
      • Collect 1-2 teaspoons of sputum
      • Close the lid, clean the outside, label, and deliver the specimen to the lab as soon as possible

    Semen Collection

    • Laboratory technicians analyze semen for fertility testing, assessing effectiveness of sterilization procedures, or in criminal investigations
    • Provide a clean and chemical-free collection container
    • Instruct the patient to:
      • Ejaculate and deposit semen into the container
      • Secure the lid and label
      • Write the date and time of collection
      • Protect the specimen from extreme temperatures

    Non-Blood Specimen Collection

    • Common non-blood specimens include urine, stool, sputum, and semen
    • Physicians and nurses are responsible for collecting other types of specimens (cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, material from a wound)

    Urine Collection

    • Urinalysis is an examination of a patient's urine for various factors, including appearance, color, odor, pH, specific gravity, and presence of components
    • Collect urine specimens upon waking in the morning, or as instructed
    • Instruct the patient to:
      • Collect a clean-catch (midstream) specimen or obtain from a catheter
      • Use a sterile container
      • Follow written instructions for timed urine specimens

    Urine Reagent Testing

    • Urine reagent testing is a point-of-care test using reagent strips to identify various components
    • Wear clean gloves and dip the reagent strip into the urine sample
    • Document results by observing color changes on the strip at designated intervals

    Stool Collection

    • The most common point-of-care test on stool is the fecal occult blood test (FOBT), which identifies the presence of blood in the stool
    • Instruct the patient to:
      • Collect stool specimens in a sterile container
      • Avoid getting urine in the container
      • Secure the lid tightly and wash hands thoroughly
      • Refrigerate or return the specimen to the laboratory immediately (depending on the test)

    Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)

    • Kit contains cards, instructions, and a mailing envelope
    • Patient should:
      • Collect small stool specimens on specific cards
      • Avoid certain foods and medications for 3 days before collection
      • Follow the manufacturer's instructions

    Sputum

    • Sputum is material coughed from the lungs, typically tested to confirm respiratory infections or determine treatment effectiveness.
    • Collect sputum in a sterile container in the morning, before eating or drinking, for most accurate results.
    • Patients should take a deep breath, cough forcefully, and expectorate into the container, avoiding saliva.
    • A sufficient amount of sputum is generally 1 or 2 teaspoons.

    Semen

    • Semen is analyzed in fertility testing, assessing sterilization procedures, or in criminal investigations.
    • Pre-testing instructions may include abstaining from sexual activity or alcohol for several days before collection.
    • Provide a clean, chemical-free container for the patient to ejaculate into, secure the lid, and label correctly.
    • Patients should protect the specimen from extreme temperatures and deliver it to the lab promptly.

    Non-Blood Specimen Collection

    • Patient instructions are crucial for collecting non-blood specimens like urine, stool, sputum, and semen.
    • Nurses are responsible for collecting urine specimens for urinalysis through a urinary catheter.

    Urine

    • A routine urinalysis examines urine appearance, color, odor, pH, specific gravity, and presence of various components like protein, glucose, and hemoglobin.
    • Urine specimens can be collected at random or at a specific time, such as upon waking or after fasting.
    • The clean-catch (midstream) method is suitable for patients who can understand instructions.
    • pH range for a urine specimen is between 5.0 and 8.0, with 5.0-8.0 being the normal range.
    • Specific gravity measures urine concentration, with a normal range of 1.003 to 1.030.
    • Abnormal test results can indicate infection, dehydration, bleeding, liver disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and more.

    Stool

    • The fecal occult blood test (FOBT) identifies blood in the stool, aiding in diagnosing gastrointestinal lesions and colorectal cancer.
    • Stool specimens are also tested for bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

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    Description

    Learn about the correct procedure for collecting sputum samples, including how to instruct patients and handle the collected material. Important for diagnosing respiratory infections like tuberculosis and pneumonia.

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