60 Questions
What is the primary reason for collecting sputum in the morning?
To increase the concentration of micro-organisms
How much sputum is generally required for testing?
1 or 2 teaspoons
Why should the patient avoid using mouthwash before collecting sputum?
To avoid killing micro-organisms
What is one of the factors examined in a routine urinalysis?
pH levels
What is the purpose of analyzing semen in a laboratory?
To assess fertility or effectiveness of a sterilization procedure
What is the purpose of a sensitivity test in a urine culture?
To determine which antibiotics effectively kill the pathogen
How should the patient handle the semen specimen after collection?
Protect it from extreme heat and cold
Why is it essential to collect a clean-catch (midstream) urine specimen for a urine culture?
To minimize contamination of the urine sample
Why should the patient collect sputum in a sterile container?
To prevent contamination of the sample
What is the primary reason for collecting a urine specimen in the morning?
Because the urine is more concentrated after an overnight fast
What should the patient avoid doing before collecting a sputum sample?
Using mouthwash
What is a possible indication of a urine infection?
Presence of protein in the urine
What should the patient do after collecting a semen sample?
Deliver the specimen to the lab immediately
What is the primary purpose of a timed urine specimen?
To assess the function of the renal system
Why is patient education essential for collecting a urine sample?
To explain the procedures for collecting a clean-catch urine specimen
What is the purpose of examining the specific gravity of the urine?
To assess the concentration of the urine
What is the normal range of pH for a urine specimen?
5.0 to 8.0
What does a specific gravity of 1.005 indicate in a urine sample?
Diluted urine
What is indicated by the presence of hemoglobin in a urine sample?
Bleeding or kidney disease
Which of the following indicates infection in a urine sample?
White blood cells and nitrites
What is the result of fat metabolism that can be detected in a urine sample?
Ketones
Why do samples left unrefrigerated for extended periods become more alkaline?
Due to bacterial growth
What is the primary purpose of a urine reagent test strip?
To screen for potential health issues
What is the purpose of the fecal occult blood test (FOBT)?
To diagnose gastrointestinal lesions and colorectal cancer
What is the purpose of analyzing the pH level of a urine specimen?
To evaluate the overall acidity of the urine
What is the significance of specific gravity in urinalysis?
It indicates the concentration of the urine
What is the purpose of hemoglobin testing in urinalysis?
To detect the presence of hemoglobin in the urine
What is a possible indication of a urine infection?
The presence of white blood cells in the urine
Why is it important to avoid urine in the stool collection container?
To prevent destruction of microorganisms
How should the patient collect a stool specimen for laboratory testing?
By defecating directly into the specimen container
What is the purpose of ketone detection in urinalysis?
To diagnose diabetes
What should be avoided when performing urine reagent testing?
Using excessive amounts of urine on the reagent strip
What should the patient avoid eating before collecting a stool specimen for an FOBT?
Red meat, citrus fruits, and raw vegetables
What is the significance of nitrites in urinalysis?
They are an indicator of urine infection
Why should the patient wash their hands thoroughly after collecting a stool specimen?
To prevent infection
Why is it essential to follow the manufacturer's directions when performing urine reagent testing?
To ensure the accuracy of the results
What should the patient do with the specimen container after collecting a stool specimen?
Secure the lid tightly and wash the outside of the container
Why should the patient not refrigerate a stool specimen undergoing testing for parasites?
To prevent destruction of the parasites
What should the patient use to collect small stool specimens on specific cards for an FOBT?
The applicators provided in the kit
Why is it important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for collecting stool specimens for an FOBT?
To ensure the correct preparation of the specimen
Sputum is typically collected in the evening for accurate testing.
False
Semen specimens are typically analyzed for fertility testing and sterilization procedures.
True
A sputum sample is considered sufficient with a volume of 5 teaspoons.
False
The patient should spit saliva into the sputum collection container.
False
The semen specimen should be exposed to extreme heat after collection.
False
The patient should use mouthwash before collecting a sputum sample.
False
A urinalysis can be requested at any time of the day.
False
The clean-catch method is not suitable for patients who are able to understand instructions for depositing a urine sample into a sterile container.
False
A timed urine specimen is required for a urine culture.
False
Sputum collection is typically done in the evening.
False
Semen specimens are typically collected at home.
True
A stool specimen can be refrigerated before testing for parasites.
False
A urine pH of 7.5 is considered acidic.
False
A specific gravity of 1.005 indicates concentrated urine.
False
The presence of bilirubin in urine can indicate kidney disease.
True
The primary purpose of a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is to detect viruses in the stool.
False
Ketones in urine can indicate diabetes mellitus, starvation, or vomiting.
True
Urine reagent test strips can confirm the presence of a specific disease.
False
Protein in urine can indicate inflammation or kidney disease.
True
A urine specimen with a pH of 5.5 is considered normal.
True
Study Notes
Sputum Collection
- Sputum is material coughed from the lungs, often tested for respiratory infections (tuberculosis, pneumonia)
- Collect sputum in the morning, before eating or drinking, as it is more concentrated
- Provide a sterile sputum container and instruct the patient to:
- Take a deep breath, cough forcefully and deeply, and expectorate into the container
- Not spit saliva into the container
- Collect 1-2 teaspoons of sputum
- Close the lid, clean the outside, label, and deliver the specimen to the lab as soon as possible
Semen Collection
- Laboratory technicians analyze semen for fertility testing, assessing effectiveness of sterilization procedures, or in criminal investigations
- Provide a clean and chemical-free collection container
- Instruct the patient to:
- Ejaculate and deposit semen into the container
- Secure the lid and label
- Write the date and time of collection
- Protect the specimen from extreme temperatures
Non-Blood Specimen Collection
- Common non-blood specimens include urine, stool, sputum, and semen
- Physicians and nurses are responsible for collecting other types of specimens (cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, material from a wound)
Urine Collection
- Urinalysis is an examination of a patient's urine for various factors, including appearance, color, odor, pH, specific gravity, and presence of components
- Collect urine specimens upon waking in the morning, or as instructed
- Instruct the patient to:
- Collect a clean-catch (midstream) specimen or obtain from a catheter
- Use a sterile container
- Follow written instructions for timed urine specimens
Urine Reagent Testing
- Urine reagent testing is a point-of-care test using reagent strips to identify various components
- Wear clean gloves and dip the reagent strip into the urine sample
- Document results by observing color changes on the strip at designated intervals
Stool Collection
- The most common point-of-care test on stool is the fecal occult blood test (FOBT), which identifies the presence of blood in the stool
- Instruct the patient to:
- Collect stool specimens in a sterile container
- Avoid getting urine in the container
- Secure the lid tightly and wash hands thoroughly
- Refrigerate or return the specimen to the laboratory immediately (depending on the test)
Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)
- Kit contains cards, instructions, and a mailing envelope
- Patient should:
- Collect small stool specimens on specific cards
- Avoid certain foods and medications for 3 days before collection
- Follow the manufacturer's instructions
Sputum
- Sputum is material coughed from the lungs, typically tested to confirm respiratory infections or determine treatment effectiveness.
- Collect sputum in a sterile container in the morning, before eating or drinking, for most accurate results.
- Patients should take a deep breath, cough forcefully, and expectorate into the container, avoiding saliva.
- A sufficient amount of sputum is generally 1 or 2 teaspoons.
Semen
- Semen is analyzed in fertility testing, assessing sterilization procedures, or in criminal investigations.
- Pre-testing instructions may include abstaining from sexual activity or alcohol for several days before collection.
- Provide a clean, chemical-free container for the patient to ejaculate into, secure the lid, and label correctly.
- Patients should protect the specimen from extreme temperatures and deliver it to the lab promptly.
Non-Blood Specimen Collection
- Patient instructions are crucial for collecting non-blood specimens like urine, stool, sputum, and semen.
- Nurses are responsible for collecting urine specimens for urinalysis through a urinary catheter.
Urine
- A routine urinalysis examines urine appearance, color, odor, pH, specific gravity, and presence of various components like protein, glucose, and hemoglobin.
- Urine specimens can be collected at random or at a specific time, such as upon waking or after fasting.
- The clean-catch (midstream) method is suitable for patients who can understand instructions.
- pH range for a urine specimen is between 5.0 and 8.0, with 5.0-8.0 being the normal range.
- Specific gravity measures urine concentration, with a normal range of 1.003 to 1.030.
- Abnormal test results can indicate infection, dehydration, bleeding, liver disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and more.
Stool
- The fecal occult blood test (FOBT) identifies blood in the stool, aiding in diagnosing gastrointestinal lesions and colorectal cancer.
- Stool specimens are also tested for bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Learn about the correct procedure for collecting sputum samples, including how to instruct patients and handle the collected material. Important for diagnosing respiratory infections like tuberculosis and pneumonia.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
