Vitamins and Minerals Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of vitamins require fat for absorption?

  • Minerals
  • Fat-soluble vitamins (correct)
  • Water-soluble vitamins
  • Vitamins C and B complex
  • What is a common symptom of Vitamin A deficiency?

  • Peripheral Neuropathy
  • Scurvy
  • Cheilosis
  • Night blindness (correct)
  • Which vitamin deficiency can cause Ricketts in children and Osteomalacia in adults?

  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamin B2
  • Vitamin D (correct)
  • What condition is associated with Vitamin E deficiency?

    <p>Peripheral Neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is commonly found in spinach, liver, and butter?

    <p>Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of Vitamin C deficiency?

    <p>Scurvy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vitamin Deficiencies

    • Vitamin B9 (folate) deficiency: caused by lack of folic acid, found in leafy green vegetables, orange juice, and avocado
    • Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency: leads to pernicious anemia, found in salmon, yogurt, and milk

    Minerals

    • Potassium, sodium, and chloride: necessary for fluid balance and nerve conduction
    • Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium: necessary for muscle contraction and heartbeat regulation
    • Phosphorus: necessary for kidney function and heartbeat regularity
    • Magnesium: necessary for blood pressure and heartbeat regulation
    • Iron, magnesium, copper, zinc, iodine, and fluoride: essential trace minerals

    Metabolism

    • Anabolism: build-up of simple materials to complex substances
    • Catabolism: breakdown of complex substances into simple substances
    • Basic metabolic rate (BMR): minimum energy required to maintain bodily functions at rest while awake
    • Factors increasing BMR: growth, infections, fever, emotional tension, extreme environmental temperature
    • Factors decreasing BMR: aging, prolonged fasting, sleep

    Nutrition

    • Absorption: movement of smaller elements through digestive tract walls into the blood
    • Psychologic factors affecting food habits: stage of development, state of health, medications, psychosocial, and sociocultural factors
    • Nutritional assessment: health history, dysphagia (aided by chin-on-chest position)

    Malnutrition

    • Imbalance in nutrient intake and body's needs
    • Types: taking less than what the body needs (malnutrition), taking more than what the body needs (obesity)

    Classes of Nutrients

    • Macronutrients (energy-supplying): carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
    • Micronutrients (regulating body processes): vitamins and minerals

    Carbohydrates

    • 4 kcal/gram, 45-65% of total calories
    • Classification: simple (broken down quickly) and complex (takes longer to break down)

    Proteins

    • 4 kcal/gram, 0.8g/kg recommended intake
    • Composed of amino acids, complete or incomplete proteins
    • Essential amino acids: cannot be produced by the body

    Lipids

    • 9 kcal/gram
    • Classification: saturated (animal fats, raises cholesterol) and unsaturated (vegetables)

    Vitamins

    • Fat-soluble: A, D, E, and K, require fat for absorption
    • Water-soluble: B complex and C, easily destroyed, must be ingested daily
    • Deficiencies:
      • Vitamin A: Xerophthalmia, night blindness, and cornea drying
      • Vitamin D: Ricketts and Osteomalacia
      • Vitamin E: Peripheral Neuropathy, Ataxia, and Decreased Immune Function
      • Vitamin K: increased risk of bleeding
      • Vitamin C: scurvy
      • B Vitamins: various deficiencies, e.g., beriberi, Pellagra, anemia, and peripheral neuropathy

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    Test your knowledge on essential vitamins and minerals like Vitamin B9, Vitamin B12, Potassium, Iron, and more. Learn about their functions and food sources to prevent deficiencies.

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